adt: add queue (#12941)

vlib/adt/README.md

@@ -1,10 +1,27 @@
-# adt
+# datatypes
 
-A library providing common ADTs (Abstract Data Type) implementations which have proved useful in a
-great variety of applications.
+This module provides implementations of less frequently used, but still common
+data types.
 
-## implementations
+V's `builtin` module is imported implicitly, and has implementations for arrays,
+maps and strings. These are good for many applications, but there are a plethora
+of other useful data structures/containers, like linked lists, priority queues,
+tries, etc, that allow for algorithms with different time complexities, which may
+be more suitable for your specific application.
+
+It is implemented using generics, that you have to specialise for the type of
+your actual elements. For example:
+```v
+import adt
+
+mut stack := adt.Stack<int>{}
+stack.push(1)
+println(stack)
+```
+
+## Currently Implemented Datatypes:
 
-- [x] Stack (LIFO)
 - [x] Linked list
+- [x] Stack (LIFO)
+- [x] Queue (FIFO)
 - [ ] ...

vlib/adt/queue.v

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+module adt
+
+pub struct Queue<T> {
+mut:
+	elements LinkedList<T>
+}
+
+// is_empty checks if the queue is empty
+pub fn (queue Queue<T>) is_empty() bool {
+	return queue.elements.is_empty()
+}
+
+// len returns the length of the queue
+pub fn (queue Queue<T>) len() int {
+	return queue.elements.len()
+}
+
+// peek returns the head of the queue
+pub fn (queue Queue<T>) peek() ?T {
+	return if !queue.is_empty() { queue.elements.first() ? } else { error('Queue is empty') }
+}
+
+// push adds an element to the tail of the queue
+pub fn (mut queue Queue<T>) push(item T) {
+	queue.elements.push(item)
+}
+
+// pop removes the element at the head of the queue and returns it
+pub fn (mut queue Queue<T>) pop() ?T {
+	return if !queue.is_empty() { queue.elements.shift() ? } else { error('Queue is empty') }
+}
+
+// str returns a string representation of the queue
+pub fn (queue Queue<T>) str() string {
+	return queue.elements.str()
+}

vlib/adt/queue_test.v

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+module adt
+
+fn test_is_empty() {
+	mut queue := Queue<int>{}
+	assert queue.is_empty() == true
+	queue.push(1)
+	assert queue.is_empty() == false
+}
+
+fn test_len() ? {
+	mut queue := Queue<int>{}
+	assert queue.len() == 0
+	queue.push(1)
+	assert queue.len() == 1
+	queue.pop() ?
+	assert queue.len() == 0
+}
+
+fn test_peek() ? {
+	mut queue := Queue<int>{}
+	queue.push(1)
+	assert queue.peek() ? == 1
+	queue.push(2)
+	assert queue.peek() ? == 1
+	queue = Queue<int>{}
+	queue.peek() or { return }
+	assert false
+}
+
+fn test_push() ? {
+	mut queue := Queue<int>{}
+	queue.push(1)
+	queue.push(2)
+	assert queue.peek() ? == 1
+}
+
+fn test_pop() ? {
+	mut queue := Queue<int>{}
+	queue.push(1)
+	queue.push(2)
+	queue.push(3)
+	assert queue.pop() ? == 1
+	queue.push(4)
+	assert queue.pop() ? == 2
+	assert queue.pop() ? == 3
+	queue = Queue<int>{}
+	queue.pop() or { return }
+	assert false
+}