json2: decode fn returns `?T`; add new tests (#6933)

vlib/x/json2/README.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-> `json2` was named just to avoid any unwanted potential conflicts with the existing codegen
+> The name `json2` was chosen to avoid any unwanted potential conflicts with the 
-> tailored for the main `json` module which is powered by CJSON.
+> existing codegen tailored for the main `json` module which is powered by CJSON.
 
-An experimental version of the JSON parser written from scratch on V.
+`x.json2` is an experimental JSON parser written from scratch on V.
 
 ## Usage
 ```v oksyntax
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ fn main() {
     mut arr := []json2.Any
     arr << 'rock'
     arr << 'papers'
-    arr << json2.null()
+    arr << json2.null
     arr << 12
 
     me['interests'] = arr
@@ -40,7 +40,12 @@ fn main() {
 
     // Stringify to JSON
     println(me.str())
-    //{"name":"Bob","age":18,"interests":["rock","papers","scissors",null,12],"pets":{"Sam":"Maltese"}}
+    //{
+    //   "name":"Bob",
+    //   "age":18,
+    //   "interests":["rock","papers","scissors",null,12],
+    //   "pets":{"Sam":"Maltese"}
+    //}
 
     // Encode a struct/type to JSON
     encoded_json := json2.encode<Person>(person2)
@@ -86,7 +91,7 @@ fn (p Person) to_json() string {
 
 fn main() {
     resp := os.read_file('./person.json')?
-    person := json2.decode<Person>(resp)
+    person := json2.decode<Person>(resp)?
     println(person) // Person{name: 'Bob', age: 28, pets: ['Floof']}
     person_json := json2.encode<Person>(person)
     println(person_json) // {"name": "Bob", "age": 28, "pets": ["Floof"]}
@@ -94,12 +99,36 @@ fn main() {
 ```
 
 ## Using struct tags
-`x.json2` cannot use struct tags just like when you use the `json` module.
+`x.json2` can access and use the struct field tags similar to the 
-However, it emits an `Any` type when decoding so it can be flexible on the way you use it.
+`json` module by using the comp-time `$for` for structs.
+
+```v ignore
+fn (mut p Person) from_json(f json2.Any) {
+    mp := an.as_map()
+	mut js_field_name := ''
+    $for field in Person.fields {
+        js_field_name = field.name
+
+        for attr in field.attrs {
+			if attr.starts_with('json:') {
+				js_field_name = attr.all_after('json:').trim_left(' ')
+				break
+			}
+		}
+        
+        match field.name {
+            'name' { p.name = mp[js_field_name].str() }
+			'age' { u.age = mp[js_field_name].int() }
+			'pets' { u.pets = mp[js_field_name].arr().map(it.str()) }
+			else {}
+		}
+    }
+}
+```
 
 ### Null Values
-`x.json2` have a `null` value for differentiating an undefined value and a null value.
+`x.json2` has a separate `null` type for differentiating an undefined value and a null value.
-Use `is` for verifying the field you're using is a null.
+To verify that the field you're accessing is a `null`, use `<typ> is json2.Null`.
 
 ```v ignore
 fn (mut p Person) from_json(f json2.Any) {
@@ -112,9 +141,8 @@ fn (mut p Person) from_json(f json2.Any) {
 ```
 
 ### Custom field names
-In `json`, you can specify the field name you're mapping into the struct field by specifying
+Aside from using struct tags, you can also just simply cast the base field into a map (`as_map()`)
-a `json:` tag. In `x.json2`, just simply cast the base field into a map (`as_map()`)
+and access the field you wish to put into the struct/type.
-and get the value of the field you wish to put into the struct/type.
 
 ```v ignore
 fn (mut p Person) from_json(f json2.Any) {
@@ -142,6 +170,6 @@ The following list shows the possible outputs when casting a value to an incompa
 
 1. Casting non-array values as array (`arr()`) will return an array with the value as the content.
 2. Casting non-map values as map (`as_map()`) will return a map with the value as the content.
-3. Casting non-string values to string (`str()`)
+3. Casting non-string values to string (`str()`) will return the 
-    will return the stringified representation of the value.
+JSON string representation of the value.
-4. Casting non-numeric values to int/float (`int()`/`f64()`) will return zero.
+4. Casting non-numeric values to int/float (`int()`/`i64()`/`f32()`/`f64()`) will return zero.

vlib/x/json2/any_test.v

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+import x.json2
+
+const (
+	sample_data = {
+		'int': json2.Any(int(1))
+		'i64': json2.Any(i64(128))
+		'f32': json2.Any(f32(2.0))
+		'f64': json2.Any(f64(1.283))
+		'bool': json2.Any(false)
+		'str': json2.Any('test')
+		'null': json2.Any(json2.null)
+		'arr': json2.Any([json2.Any('lol')])
+		'obj': json2.Any({
+			'foo': json2.Any(10)
+		})
+	}
+)
+
+fn is_null(f json2.Any) bool {
+	match f {
+		json2.Null { return true }
+		else { return false }
+	}
+}
+
+fn test_f32() {
+	// valid conversions
+	assert sample_data['int'].f32() == 1.0
+	assert sample_data['i64'].f32() == 128.0
+	assert sample_data['f32'].f32() == 2.0
+	assert sample_data['f64'].f32() == 1.2829999923706055
+	// invalid conversions
+	assert sample_data['bool'].f32() == 0.0
+	assert sample_data['str'].f32() == 0.0
+	assert sample_data['null'].f32() == 0.0
+	assert sample_data['arr'].f32() == 0.0
+	assert sample_data['obj'].f32() == 0.0
+}
+
+fn test_f64() {
+	// valid conversions
+	assert sample_data['int'].f64() == 1.0
+	assert sample_data['i64'].f64() == 128.0
+	assert sample_data['f32'].f64() == 2.0
+	assert sample_data['f64'].f64() == 1.283
+	// invalid conversions
+	assert sample_data['bool'].f64() == 0.0
+	assert sample_data['str'].f64() == 0.0
+	assert sample_data['null'].f64() == 0.0
+	assert sample_data['arr'].f64() == 0.0
+	assert sample_data['obj'].f64() == 0.0
+}
+
+fn test_int() {
+	// valid conversions
+	assert sample_data['int'].int() == 1
+	assert sample_data['i64'].int() == 128
+	assert sample_data['f32'].int() == 2
+	assert sample_data['f64'].int() == 1
+	assert json2.Any(true).int() == 1
+	// invalid conversions
+	assert json2.Any('123').int() == 0
+	assert sample_data['null'].int() == 0
+	assert sample_data['arr'].int() == 0
+	assert sample_data['obj'].int() == 0
+}
+
+fn test_i64() {
+	// valid conversions
+	assert sample_data['int'].i64() == 1
+	assert sample_data['i64'].i64() == 128
+	assert sample_data['f32'].i64() == 2
+	assert sample_data['f64'].i64() == 1
+	assert json2.Any(true).i64() == 1
+	// invalid conversions
+	assert json2.Any('123').i64() == 0
+	assert sample_data['null'].i64() == 0
+	assert sample_data['arr'].i64() == 0
+	assert sample_data['obj'].i64() == 0
+}
+
+fn test_as_map() {
+	assert sample_data['int'].as_map()['0'].int() == 1
+	assert sample_data['i64'].as_map()['0'].i64() == 128.0
+	assert sample_data['f32'].as_map()['0'].f32() == 2.0
+	assert sample_data['f64'].as_map()['0'].f64() == 1.283
+	assert sample_data['bool'].as_map()['0'].bool() == false
+	assert sample_data['str'].as_map()['0'].str() == 'test'
+	assert is_null(sample_data['null'].as_map()['0']) == true
+	assert sample_data['arr'].as_map()['0'].str() == 'lol'
+	assert sample_data['obj'].as_map()['foo'].int() == 10
+}
+
+fn test_arr() {
+	assert sample_data['int'].arr()[0].int() == 1
+	assert sample_data['i64'].arr()[0].i64() == 128.0
+	assert sample_data['f32'].arr()[0].f32() == 2.0
+	assert sample_data['f64'].arr()[0].f64() == 1.283
+	assert sample_data['bool'].arr()[0].bool() == false
+	assert sample_data['str'].arr()[0].str() == 'test'
+	assert is_null(sample_data['null'].arr()[0]) == true
+	assert sample_data['arr'].arr()[0].str() == 'lol'
+	assert sample_data['obj'].arr()[0].int() == 10
+}
+
+fn test_bool() {
+	// valid conversions
+	assert sample_data['bool'].bool() == false
+	assert json2.Any('true').bool() == true
+	// invalid conversions
+	assert sample_data['int'].bool() == false
+	assert sample_data['i64'].bool() == false
+	assert sample_data['f32'].bool() == false
+	assert sample_data['f64'].bool() == false
+	assert sample_data['null'].bool() == false
+	assert sample_data['arr'].bool() == false
+	assert sample_data['obj'].bool() == false
+}
+
+fn test_str() {
+	assert sample_data['int'].str() == '1'
+	assert sample_data['i64'].str() == '128'
+	assert sample_data['f32'].str() == '2.0'
+	assert sample_data['f64'].str() == '1.283'
+	assert sample_data['bool'].str() == 'false'
+	assert sample_data['str'].str() == 'test'
+	assert sample_data['null'].str() == 'null'
+	assert sample_data['arr'].str() == '["lol"]'
+	assert sample_data.str() ==
+		'{"int":1,"i64":128,"f32":2.0,"f64":1.283,"bool":false,"str":"test","null":null,"arr":["lol"],"obj":{"foo":10}}'
+}

vlib/x/json2/builder.v

@@ -9,56 +9,69 @@ pub fn (mut obj map[string]Any) insert_str(key string, val string) {
 	fi = val
 	obj[key] = fi
 }
+
 // Inserts an int into the map.
 pub fn (mut obj map[string]Any) insert_int(key string, val int) {
 	obj[key] = Any(val)
 }
+
 // Inserts a float into the map.
 pub fn (mut obj map[string]Any) insert_f(key string, val f64) {
 	obj[key] = Any(val)
 }
+
 // Inserts a null into the map.
 pub fn (mut obj map[string]Any) insert_null(key string) {
 	obj[key] = Any(Null{})
 }
+
 // Inserts a bool into the map.
 pub fn (mut obj map[string]Any) insert_bool(key string, val bool) {
 	obj[key] = Any(val)
 }
+
 // Inserts a map into the map.
 pub fn (mut obj map[string]Any) insert_map(key string, val map[string]Any) {
 	obj[key] = Any(val)
 }
+
 // Inserts an array into the map.
 pub fn (mut obj map[string]Any) insert_arr(key string, val []Any) {
 	obj[key] = Any(val)
 }
+
 // Inserts a string into the array.
 pub fn (mut arr []Any) insert_str(val string) {
 	mut fi := Any{}
 	fi = val
 	arr << fi
 }
+
 // Inserts an int into the array.
 pub fn (mut arr []Any) insert_int(val int) {
 	arr << Any(val)
 }
+
 // Inserts a float into the array.
 pub fn (mut arr []Any) insert_f(val f64) {
 	arr << Any(val)
 }
+
 // Inserts a null into the array.
 pub fn (mut arr []Any) insert_null() {
 	arr << Any(Null{})
 }
+
 // Inserts a bool into the array.
 pub fn (mut arr []Any) insert_bool(val bool) {
 	arr << Any(val)
 }
+
 // Inserts a map into the array.
 pub fn (mut arr []Any) insert_map(val map[string]Any) {
 	arr << Any(val)
 }
+
 // Inserts an array into the array.
 pub fn (mut arr []Any) insert_arr(val []Any) {
 	arr << Any(val)

vlib/x/json2/decoder.v

@@ -12,32 +12,34 @@ import v.pref
 
 // `Any` is a sum type that lists the possible types to be decoded and used.
 pub type Any = string | int | i64 | f32 | f64 | any_int | any_float | bool | Null | []Any | map[string]Any
+
 // `Null` struct is a simple representation of the `null` value in JSON.
-pub struct Null {}
+pub struct Null {
+}
 
 enum ParseMode {
-    array
+	array
-    bool
+	bool
-    invalid
+	invalid
-    null
+	null
-    number
+	number
-    object
+	object
-    string
+	string
 }
 
 const (
 	formfeed_err = 'formfeed not allowed.'
-	eof_err = 'reached eof. data not closed properly.'
+	eof_err      = 'reached eof. data not closed properly.'
 )
 
 struct Parser {
 mut:
-	scanner &scanner.Scanner
+	scanner      &scanner.Scanner
-	p_tok token.Token
+	p_tok        token.Token
-	tok token.Token
+	tok          token.Token
-	n_tok token.Token
+	n_tok        token.Token
-	mode ParseMode = .invalid
+	mode         ParseMode = .invalid
-	n_level int
+	n_level      int
 	convert_type bool = true
 }
 
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ fn new_parser(srce string, convert_type bool) Parser {
 		}
 	}
 	return Parser{
-		scanner: scanner.new_scanner(src, .parse_comments, &pref.Preferences{}),
+		scanner: scanner.new_scanner(src, .parse_comments, &pref.Preferences{})
 		convert_type: convert_type
 	}
 }
@@ -88,9 +90,10 @@ fn check_valid_hex(str string) ? {
 	if str.len != 4 {
 		return error('hex string must be 4 characters.')
 	}
-
 	for l in str {
-		if l.is_hex_digit() { continue }
+		if l.is_hex_digit() {
+			continue
+		}
 		return error('provided string is not a hex digit.')
 	}
 }
@@ -111,18 +114,16 @@ fn (mut p Parser) decode() ?Any {
 
 fn (p Parser) is_formfeed() bool {
 	prev_tok_pos := p.p_tok.pos + p.p_tok.len - 2
-
 	if prev_tok_pos < p.scanner.text.len && p.scanner.text[prev_tok_pos] == 0x0c {
 		return true
 	}
-
 	return false
 }
 
 fn (p Parser) is_singlequote() bool {
 	src := p.scanner.text
 	prev_tok_pos := p.p_tok.pos + p.p_tok.len
-	return src[prev_tok_pos] == `'`
+	return src[prev_tok_pos] == `\'`
 }
 
 fn (mut p Parser) detect_parse_mode() {
@@ -131,21 +132,28 @@ fn (mut p Parser) detect_parse_mode() {
 		p.mode = .invalid
 		return
 	}
-
 	p.tok = p.scanner.scan()
 	p.n_tok = p.scanner.scan()
-
 	if src.len == 1 && p.tok.kind == .string && p.n_tok.kind == .eof {
 		p.mode = .invalid
 		return
 	}
-
 	match p.tok.kind {
-		.lcbr { p.mode = .object }
+		.lcbr {
-		.lsbr { p.mode = .array }
+			p.mode = .object
-		.number { p.mode = .number }
+		}
-		.key_true, .key_false { p.mode = .bool }
+		.lsbr {
-		.string { p.mode = .string }
+			p.mode = .array
+		}
+		.number {
+			p.mode = .number
+		}
+		.key_true, .key_false {
+			p.mode = .bool
+		}
+		.string {
+			p.mode = .string
+		}
 		.name {
 			if p.tok.lit == 'null' {
 				p.mode = .null
@@ -164,11 +172,10 @@ fn (mut p Parser) decode_value() ?Any {
 	if p.n_level == 500 {
 		return error('reached maximum nesting level of 500.')
 	}
-
+	if (p.tok.kind == .lsbr && p.n_tok.kind == .lcbr) ||
-	if (p.tok.kind == .lsbr && p.n_tok.kind == .lcbr) || (p.p_tok.kind == p.tok.kind && p.tok.kind == .lsbr) {
+		(p.p_tok.kind == p.tok.kind && p.tok.kind == .lsbr) {
 		p.n_level++
 	}
-
 	match p.tok.kind {
 		.lsbr {
 			return p.decode_array()
@@ -181,59 +188,64 @@ fn (mut p Parser) decode_value() ?Any {
 		}
 		.key_true {
 			p.next()
-			return if p.convert_type { Any(true) } else { Any('true') }
+			return if p.convert_type {
+				Any(true)
+			} else {
+				Any('true')
+			}
 		}
 		.key_false {
 			p.next()
-			return if p.convert_type { Any(false) } else { Any('false') }
+			return if p.convert_type {
+				Any(false)
+			} else {
+				Any('false')
+			}
 		}
 		.name {
 			if p.tok.lit != 'null' {
 				return error('unknown identifier `$p.tok.lit`')
 			}
-
 			p.next()
-			return if p.convert_type { Any(Null{}) } else { Any('null') }
+			return if p.convert_type {
+				Any(Null{})
+			} else {
+				Any('null')
+			}
 		}
 		.string {
 			if p.is_singlequote() {
 				return error('strings must be in double-quotes.')
 			}
-
 			return p.decode_string()
 		}
 		else {
-			if p.tok.kind == .minus && p.n_tok.kind == .number && p.n_tok.pos == p.tok.pos+1 {
+			if p.tok.kind == .minus && p.n_tok.kind == .number && p.n_tok.pos == p.tok.pos + 1 {
 				p.next()
-				d_num := p.decode_number()?
+				d_num := p.decode_number() ?
 				return d_num
 			}
-
+			return error("unknown token '$p.tok.lit' when decoding value")
-			return error('unknown token \'$p.tok.lit\' when decoding value')
 		}
 	}
-
 	if p.is_formfeed() {
 		return error(formfeed_err)
 	}
-
 	return Any{}
 }
 
 fn (mut p Parser) decode_string() ?Any {
 	mut strwr := strings.new_builder(200)
 	for i := 0; i < p.tok.lit.len; i++ {
-		if ((i-1 >= 0 && p.tok.lit[i-1] != `/`) || i == 0) && int(p.tok.lit[i]) in [9, 10, 0] {
+		if ((i - 1 >= 0 && p.tok.lit[i - 1] != `/`) || i == 0) && int(p.tok.lit[i]) in [9, 10, 0] {
 			return error('character must be escaped with a backslash.')
 		}
-
+		if i == p.tok.lit.len - 1 && p.tok.lit[i] == 92 {
-		if i == p.tok.lit.len-1 && p.tok.lit[i] == 92 {
 			return error('invalid backslash escape.')
 		}
-
+		if i + 1 < p.tok.lit.len && p.tok.lit[i] == 92 {
-		if i+1 < p.tok.lit.len && p.tok.lit[i] == 92 {
+			peek := p.tok.lit[i + 1]
-			peek := p.tok.lit[i+1]
+			match peek {
-			match peek{
 				`b` {
 					i++
 					strwr.write_b(`\b`)
@@ -260,9 +272,9 @@ fn (mut p Parser) decode_string() ?Any {
 					continue
 				}
 				`u` {
-					if i+5 < p.tok.lit.len {
+					if i + 5 < p.tok.lit.len {
-						codepoint := p.tok.lit[i+2..i+6]
+						codepoint := p.tok.lit[i + 2..i + 6]
-						check_valid_hex(codepoint)?
+						check_valid_hex(codepoint) ?
 						hex_val := strconv.parse_int(codepoint, 16, 0)
 						strwr.write_b(byte(hex_val))
 						i += 5
@@ -288,16 +300,13 @@ fn (mut p Parser) decode_string() ?Any {
 				}
 				else { return error('invalid backslash escape.') }
 			}
-
 			if int(peek) == 85 {
 				return error('unicode endpoints must be in lowercase `u`.')
 			}
-
 			if int(peek) in [9, 229] {
 				return error('unicode endpoint not allowed.')
 			}
 		}
-
 		strwr.write_b(p.tok.lit[i])
 	}
 	p.next()
@@ -314,23 +323,18 @@ fn (mut p Parser) decode_number() ?Any {
 	mut tl := p.tok.lit
 	mut is_fl := false
 	sep_by_dot := tl.to_lower().split('.')
-
 	if tl.starts_with('0x') && tl.all_after('0x').len <= 2 {
 		return error('hex numbers should not be less than or equal to two digits.')
 	}
-
 	if src[p.p_tok.pos + p.p_tok.len] == `0` && src[p.p_tok.pos + p.p_tok.len + 1].is_digit() {
 		return error('leading zeroes in integers are not allowed.')
 	}
-
 	if tl.starts_with('.') {
 		return error('decimals must start with a digit followed by a dot.')
 	}
-
 	if tl.ends_with('+') || tl.ends_with('-') {
 		return error('exponents must have a digit before the sign.')
 	}
-
 	if sep_by_dot.len > 1 {
 		// analyze json number structure
 		// -[digit][dot][digit][E/e][-/+][digit]
@@ -341,11 +345,9 @@ fn (mut p Parser) decode_number() ?Any {
 			return error('exponents must have a digit before the exponent notation.')
 		}
 	}
-
+	if p.p_tok.kind == .minus && p.tok.pos == p.p_tok.pos + 1 {
-	if p.p_tok.kind == .minus && p.tok.pos == p.p_tok.pos+1 {
 		tl = '-$tl'
 	}
-
 	p.next()
 	if p.convert_type {
 		return if is_fl {
@@ -354,7 +356,6 @@ fn (mut p Parser) decode_number() ?Any {
 			Any(tl.i64())
 		}
 	}
-
 	return Any(tl)
 }
 
@@ -365,62 +366,51 @@ fn (mut p Parser) decode_array() ?Any {
 		if p.tok.kind == .eof {
 			return error(eof_err)
 		}
-
+		item := p.decode_value() ?
-		item := p.decode_value()?
 		items << item
 		if p.tok.kind == .comma && p.n_tok.kind !in [.rsbr, .comma] {
 			p.next()
 			continue
 		}
-
 		if p.tok.kind == .rsbr {
 			break
 		}
-
+		return error("unknown token '$p.tok.lit' when decoding arrays.")
-		return error('unknown token \'$p.tok.lit\' when decoding arrays.')
 	}
 	p.next()
 	return Any(items)
 }
 
 fn (mut p Parser) decode_object() ?Any {
-	mut fields := map[string]Any
+	mut fields := map[string]Any{}
 	mut cur_key := ''
 	p.next()
-
 	for p.tok.kind != .rcbr {
 		is_key := p.tok.kind == .string && p.n_tok.kind == .colon
-
 		// todo
 		// if p.is_formfeed() {
-		// 	return error(formfeed_err)
+		// return error(formfeed_err)
 		// }
-
 		if p.tok.kind == .eof {
 			return error(eof_err)
 		}
-
 		if p.is_singlequote() {
 			return error('object keys must be in single quotes.')
 		}
-
 		if !is_key {
-			return error('invalid token `$p.tok.lit`, expected \'string\'')
+			return error("invalid token `$p.tok.lit`, expected \'string\'")
 		}
-
 		cur_key = p.tok.lit
 		p.next()
 		p.next()
-
+		fields[cur_key] = p.decode_value() ?
-		fields[cur_key] = p.decode_value()?
 		if p.tok.kind == .comma && p.n_tok.kind !in [.rcbr, .comma] {
 			p.next()
 			continue
 		} else if p.tok.kind == .rcbr {
 			break
 		}
-
+		return error("unknown token '$p.tok.lit' when decoding object.")
-		return error('unknown token \'$p.tok.lit\' when decoding object.')
 	}
 	p.next()
 	return Any(fields)

vlib/x/json2/decoder_test.v

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import x.json2
+
+fn test_raw_decode_string() {
+	str := json2.raw_decode('"Hello!"') or {
+		assert false
+		json2.Any{}
+	}
+	assert str.str() == 'Hello!'
+}
+
+fn test_raw_decode_number() {
+	num := json2.raw_decode('123') or {
+		assert false
+		json2.Any{}
+	}
+	assert num.int() == 123
+}
+
+fn test_raw_decode_array() {
+	raw_arr := json2.raw_decode('["Foo", 1]') or {
+		assert false
+		json2.Any{}
+	}
+	arr := raw_arr.arr()
+	assert arr[0].str() == 'Foo'
+	assert arr[1].int() == 1
+}
+
+fn test_raw_decode_bool() {
+	bol := json2.raw_decode('false') or {
+		assert false
+		json2.Any{}
+	}
+	assert bol.bool() == false
+}
+
+fn test_raw_decode_map() {
+	raw_mp := json2.raw_decode('{"name":"Bob","age":20}') or {
+		assert false
+		json2.Any{}
+	}
+	mp := raw_mp.as_map()
+	assert mp['name'].str() == 'Bob'
+	assert mp['age'].int() == 20
+}
+
+fn test_raw_decode_null() {
+	nul := json2.raw_decode('null') or {
+		assert false
+		json2.Any{}
+	}
+	assert nul is json2.Null
+}
+
+fn test_raw_decode_invalid() {
+	json2.raw_decode('1z') or {
+		assert err == '[json] invalid JSON. (0:0)'
+		return
+	}
+	assert false
+}

vlib/x/json2/encoder.v

@@ -12,11 +12,13 @@ fn write_value(v Any, i int, len int, mut wr strings.Builder) {
 	} else {
 		wr.write(str)
 	}
-	if i >= len-1 { return }
+	if i >= len - 1 {
+		return
+	}
 	wr.write_b(`,`)
 }
 
-// String representation of the `map[string]Any`.
+// str returns the string representation of the `map[string]Any`.
 pub fn (flds map[string]Any) str() string {
 	mut wr := strings.new_builder(200)
 	wr.write_b(`{`)
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ pub fn (flds map[string]Any) str() string {
 	return res
 }
 
-// String representation of the `[]Any`.
+// str returns the string representation of the `[]Any`.
 pub fn (flds []Any) str() string {
 	mut wr := strings.new_builder(200)
 	wr.write_b(`[`)
@@ -49,19 +51,49 @@ pub fn (flds []Any) str() string {
 	return res
 }
 
-// String representation of the `Any` type.
+// str returns the string representation of the `Any` type.
 pub fn (f Any) str() string {
 	match f {
-		string { return f }
+		string {
-		int { return f.str() }
+			return f
-		i64 { return f.str() }
+		}
-		f32 { return f.str() }
+		int {
-		f64 { return f.str() }
+			return f.str()
-		any_int { return f.str() }
+		}
-		any_float {	return f.str() }
+		i64 {
-		bool { return f.str() }
+			return f.str()
-		map[string]Any { return f.str() }
+		}
-		Null { return 'null' }
+		f32 {
+			str_f32 := f.str()
+			return if str_f32.ends_with('.') {
+				str_f32 + '0'
+			} else {
+				str_f32
+			}
+		}
+		f64 {
+			str_f64 := f.str()
+			return if str_f64.ends_with('.') {
+				str_f64 + '0'
+			} else {
+				str_f64
+			}
+		}
+		any_int {
+			return f.str()
+		}
+		any_float {
+			return f.str()
+		}
+		bool {
+			return f.str()
+		}
+		map[string]Any {
+			return f.str()
+		}
+		Null {
+			return 'null'
+		}
 		else {
 			if f is []Any {
 				return f.str()

vlib/x/json2/json2.v

@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@
 // that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 module json2
 
+pub const (
+	null = Null{}
+)
+
 pub interface Serializable {
 	from_json(f Any)
 	to_json() string
@@ -19,110 +23,73 @@ pub fn fast_raw_decode(src string) ?Any {
 	mut p := new_parser(src, false)
 	return p.decode()
 }
-// A generic function that decodes a JSON string into the target type.
+
-//
+// decode is a generic function that decodes a JSON string into the target type.
-// TODO: decode must return an optional generics
+pub fn decode<T>(src string) ?T {
-pub fn decode<T>(src string) T {
+	res := raw_decode(src) ?
-	res := raw_decode(src) or {
-		panic(err)
-	}
 	mut typ := T{}
 	typ.from_json(res)
 	return typ
 }
-// TODO: decode must return an optional generics
-// pub fn decode2<T>(src string) ?T {
-// 	res := raw_decode(src)?
 
-// 	match typeof(T) {
+// encode is a generic function that encodes a type into a JSON string.
-// 		'string' {
-// 			return res.str()
-// 		}
-// 		'int' {
-// 			return res.int()
-// 		}
-// 		'f64' {
-// 			return res.f64()
-// 		}
-// 		else {
-// 			mut typ := T{}
-// 			typ.from_json(res)
-// 			return typ
-// 		}
-// 	}
-// }
-// A generic function that encodes a type into a JSON string.
 pub fn encode<T>(typ T) string {
-	// if typeof(typ) in ['string', 'int', 'f64'] {
-	// 	return Any(typ).str()
-	// }
-
 	return typ.to_json()
 }
-// A simple function that returns `Null` struct. For use on constructing an `Any` object.
+
-pub fn null() Null {
+// as_map uses `Any` as a map.
-	return Null{}
-}
-// Use `Any` as a map.
 pub fn (f Any) as_map() map[string]Any {
 	if f is map[string]Any {
 		return f
 	} else if f is []Any {
-		mut mp := map[string]Any
+		mut mp := map[string]Any{}
 		for i, fi in f {
 			mp['$i'] = fi
 		}
 		return mp
 	}
-	return { '0': f }
+	return {
+		'0': f
+	}
 }
 
-// Use `Any` as an integer.
+// int uses `Any` as an integer.
 pub fn (f Any) int() int {
 	match f {
-		int  { return f }
+		int { return f }
-		i64  { return int(f) }
+		i64, f32, f64, bool { return int(f) }
-		f64  { return f.str().int() }
-		f32  { return f.str().int() }
-		bool { return int(f) }
 		else { return 0 }
 	}
 }
 
-// Use `Any` as a 64-bit integer.
+// i64 uses `Any` as a 64-bit integer.
 pub fn (f Any) i64() i64 {
 	match f {
-		int  { return f }
+		i64 { return f }
-		i64  { return int(f) }
+		int, f32, f64, bool { return i64(f) }
-		f64  { return f.str().i64() }
-		f32  { return f.str().i64() }
-		bool { return int(f) }
 		else { return 0 }
 	}
 }
 
-// Use `Any` as a 32-bit float.
+// f32 uses `Any` as a 32-bit float.
 pub fn (f Any) f32() f32 {
 	match f {
-		int { return f }
-		i64 { return f.str().f32() }
-		f64 { return f.str().f32() }
 		f32 { return f }
+		int, i64, f64 { return f32(f) }
 		else { return 0.0 }
 	}
 }
 
-// Use `Any` as a float.
+// f64 uses `Any` as a float.
 pub fn (f Any) f64() f64 {
 	match f {
-		int { return f }
-		i64 { return f }
 		f64 { return f }
-		f32 { return f.str().f64() }
+		int, i64, f32 { return f64(f) }
 		else { return 0.0 }
 	}
 }
-// Use `Any` as an array.
+
+// arr uses `Any` as an array.
 pub fn (f Any) arr() []Any {
 	if f is []Any {
 		return f
@@ -136,7 +103,7 @@ pub fn (f Any) arr() []Any {
 	return [f]
 }
 
-// Use `Any` as a bool
+// bool uses `Any` as a bool
 pub fn (f Any) bool() bool {
 	match f {
 		bool { return f }

vlib/x/json2/json2_test.v

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ enum JobTitle {
 }
 
 struct Employee {
+pub mut:
 	name   string
 	age    int
 	salary f32
@@ -14,12 +15,11 @@ struct Employee {
 }
 
 fn (e Employee) to_json() string {
-	mut mp := map[string]json2.Any
+	mut mp := map[string]json2.Any{}
 	mp['name'] = e.name
 	mp['age'] = e.age
 	mp['salary'] = e.salary
 	mp['title'] = int(e.title)
-
 	/*
 	$for field in Employee.fields {
 		d := e.$(field.name)
@@ -31,31 +31,31 @@ fn (e Employee) to_json() string {
 		}
 	}
 	*/
-
 	return mp.str()
 }
 
+fn (mut e Employee) from_json(any json2.Any) {
+	mp := any.as_map()
+	e.name = mp['name'].str()
+	e.age = mp['age'].int()
+	e.salary = mp['salary'].f32()
+	e.title = JobTitle(mp['title'].int())
+}
+
 fn test_simple() {
 	x := Employee{'Peter', 28, 95000.5, .worker}
 	s := json2.encode<Employee>(x)
 	eprintln('Employee x: $s')
 	assert s == '{"name":"Peter","age":28,"salary":95000.5,"title":2}'
-	/*
+	y := json2.decode<Employee>(s) or {
-	y := json.decode(Employee, s) or {
 		assert false
 		Employee{}
-	}*/
-	y := json2.raw_decode(s) or {
-		assert false
-		json2.Any{}
 	}
 	eprintln('Employee y: $y')
-	ym := y.as_map()
+	assert y.name == 'Peter'
-	assert ym['name'].str() == 'Peter'
+	assert y.age == 28
-	assert ym['age'].int() == 28
+	assert y.salary == 95000.5
-	assert ym['salary'].f64() == 95000.5
+	assert y.title == .worker
-	// assert y['title'] == .worker
-	assert ym['title'].int() == 2
 }
 
 fn test_fast_raw_decode() {
@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ fn test_fast_raw_decode() {
 		json2.Any{}
 	}
 	str := o.str()
-
 	assert str == '{"name":"Peter","age":"28","salary":"95000.5","title":"2"}'
 }
 
@@ -83,7 +82,7 @@ fn test_character_unescape() {
 		json2.Any{}
 	}
 	lines := obj.as_map()
-	eprintln("$lines")
+	eprintln('$lines')
 	assert lines['newline'].str() == 'new\nline'
 	assert lines['tab'].str() == '\ttab'
 	assert lines['backslash'].str() == 'back\\slash'
@@ -91,13 +90,34 @@ fn test_character_unescape() {
 	assert lines['slash'].str() == '/dev/null'
 }
 
-/*
 struct User2 {
+pub mut:
 	age  int
 	nums []int
 }
 
+fn (mut u User2) from_json(an json2.Any) {
+	mp := an.as_map()
+	mut js_field_name := ''
+	$for field in User.fields {
+		js_field_name = field.name
+		for attr in field.attrs {
+			if attr.starts_with('json:') {
+				js_field_name = attr.all_after('json:').trim_left(' ')
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		match field.name {
+			'age' { u.age = mp[js_field_name].int() }
+			'nums' { u.nums = mp[js_field_name].arr().map(it.int()) }
+			else {}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// User struct needs to be `pub mut` for now in order to access and manipulate values
 struct User {
+pub mut:
 	age           int
 	nums          []int
 	last_name     string [json: lastName]
@@ -106,16 +126,53 @@ struct User {
 	pets          string [raw; json: 'pet_animals']
 }
 
+fn (mut u User) from_json(an json2.Any) {
+	mp := an.as_map()
+	mut js_field_name := ''
+	$for field in User.fields {
+		// FIXME: C error when initializing js_field_name inside comptime for
+		js_field_name = field.name
+		for attr in field.attrs {
+			if attr.starts_with('json:') {
+				js_field_name = attr.all_after('json:').trim_left(' ')
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		match field.name {
+			'age' { u.age = mp[js_field_name].int() }
+			'nums' { u.nums = mp[js_field_name].arr().map(it.int()) }
+			'last_name' { u.last_name = mp[js_field_name].str() }
+			'is_registered' { u.is_registered = mp[js_field_name].bool() }
+			'typ' { u.typ = mp[js_field_name].int() }
+			'pets' { u.pets = mp[js_field_name].str() }
+			else {}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+fn (u User) to_json() string {
+	// TODO: derive from field
+	mut mp := {
+		'age': json2.Any(u.age)
+	}
+	mp['nums'] = u.nums.map(json2.Any(it))
+	mp['lastName'] = u.last_name
+	mp['IsRegistered'] = u.is_registered
+	mp['type'] = u.typ
+	mp['pet_animals'] = u.pets
+	return mp.str()
+}
+
 fn test_parse_user() {
 	s := '{"age": 10, "nums": [1,2,3], "type": 1, "lastName": "Johnson", "IsRegistered": true, "pet_animals": {"name": "Bob", "animal": "Dog"}}'
-	u2 := json.decode(User2, s) or {
+	u2 := json2.decode<User2>(s) or {
-		exit(1)
+		assert false
+		User2{}
 	}
-	println(u2)
+	u := json2.decode<User>(s) or {
-	u := json.decode(User, s) or {
+		assert false
-		exit(1)
+		User{}
 	}
-	println(u)
 	assert u.age == 10
 	assert u.last_name == 'Johnson'
 	assert u.is_registered == true
@@ -137,25 +194,37 @@ fn test_encode_user() {
 		pets: 'foo'
 	}
 	expected := '{"age":10,"nums":[1,2,3],"lastName":"Johnson","IsRegistered":true,"type":0,"pet_animals":"foo"}'
-	out := json.encode(usr)
+	out := json2.encode<User>(usr)
-	println(out)
 	assert out == expected
 }
 
 struct Color {
+pub mut:
 	space string
 	point string [raw]
 }
 
+fn (mut c Color) from_json(an json2.Any) {
+	mp := an.as_map()
+	$for field in Color.fields {
+		match field.name {
+			'space' { c.space = mp[field.name].str() }
+			'point' { c.point = mp[field.name].str() }
+			else {}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 fn test_raw_json_field() {
-	color := json.decode(Color, '{"space": "YCbCr", "point": {"Y": 123}}') or {
+	color := json2.decode<Color>('{"space": "YCbCr", "point": {"Y": 123}}') or {
-		println('text')
+		assert false
-		return
+		Color{}
 	}
 	assert color.point == '{"Y":123}'
 	assert color.space == 'YCbCr'
 }
 
+/*
 struct City {
 	name string
 }
@@ -177,7 +246,6 @@ fn test_struct_in_struct() {
 	println(country.cities)
 }
 */
-
 fn test_encode_map() {
 	expected := '{"one":1,"two":2,"three":3,"four":4}'
 	numbers := {
@@ -187,9 +255,6 @@ fn test_encode_map() {
 		'four': json2.Any(4)
 	}
 	out := numbers.str()
-	// out := json.encode(numbers)
-
-	println(out)
 	assert out == expected
 }
 /*