docs: add the topics Hoistings and Closures (#12021)
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@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ For more details and troubleshooting, please visit the [vab GitHub repository](h
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* [Comments](#comments)
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* [Functions](#functions)
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* [Returning multiple values](#returning-multiple-values)
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* [Hoistings](#hoistings)
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* [Symbol visibility](#symbol-visibility)
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* [Variables](#variables)
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* [V types](#v-types)
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@ -95,6 +96,7 @@ For more details and troubleshooting, please visit the [vab GitHub repository](h
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* [Mutable arguments](#mutable-arguments)
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* [Variable number of arguments](#variable-number-of-arguments)
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* [Anonymous & higher-order functions](#anonymous--higher-order-functions)
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* [Closures](#closures)
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* [References](#references)
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* [Constants](#constants)
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* [Builtin functions](#builtin-functions)
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@ -264,6 +266,8 @@ Again, the type comes after the argument's name.
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Just like in Go and C, functions cannot be overloaded.
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This simplifies the code and improves maintainability and readability.
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### Hoistings
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Functions can be used before their declaration:
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`add` and `sub` are declared after `main`, but can still be called from `main`.
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This is true for all declarations in V and eliminates the need for header files
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@ -2137,6 +2141,8 @@ fn main() {
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}
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```
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### Closures
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V supports closures too.
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This means that anonymous functions can inherit variables from the scope they were created in.
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They must do so explicitly by listing all variables that are inherited.
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