docs: mut => var
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doc/docs.md
54
doc/docs.md
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@ -124,16 +124,16 @@ Unlike most other languages, V only allows defining variables in functions.
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Global (module level) variables are not allowed. There's no global state in V.
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```v
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mut age := 20
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var age := 20
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println(age)
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age = 21
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println(age)
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```
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To change the value of the variable use `=`. In V, variables are
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immutable by default. To be able to change the value of the variable, you have to declare it with `mut`.
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immutable by default. To be able to change the value of the variable, you have to declare it with `var`.
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Try compiling the program above after removing `mut` from the first line.
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Try compiling the program above after removing `var` from the first line.
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Please note the difference between `:=` and `=`
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`:=` is used for declaring and initializing, `=` is used for assigning.
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@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ bobby := name + 'by' // + is used to concatenate strings
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println(bobby) // "Bobby"
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println(bobby[1..3]) // "ob"
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mut s := 'hello '
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var s := 'hello '
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s += 'world' // `+=` is used to append to a string
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println(s) // "hello world"
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```
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@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ println(s) // "hello\nworld"
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## Arrays
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```v
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mut nums := [1, 2, 3]
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var nums := [1, 2, 3]
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println(nums) // "[1, 2, 3]"
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println(nums[1]) // "2"
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@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ println(nums) // "[1, 2, 3, 4]"
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nums << [5, 6, 7]
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println(nums) // "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]"
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mut names := ['John']
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var names := ['John']
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names << 'Peter'
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names << 'Sam'
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// names << 10 <-- This will not compile. `names` is an array of strings.
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@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ If an index is required, an alternative form `for index, value in` can be used.
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Note, that the value is read-only. If you need to modify the array while looping, you have to use indexing:
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```v
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mut numbers := [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
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var numbers := [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
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for i, num in numbers {
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println(num)
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numbers[i] = 0
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@ -406,8 +406,8 @@ for i, num in numbers {
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```
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```v
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mut sum := 0
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mut i := 0
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var sum := 0
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var i := 0
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for i <= 100 {
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sum += i
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i++
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@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ The loop will stop iterating once the boolean condition evaluates to false.
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Again, there are no parentheses surrounding the condition, and the braces are always required.
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```v
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mut num := 0
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var num := 0
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for {
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num++
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if num >= 10 {
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@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ Finally, there's the traditional C style `for` loop. It's safer than the `while`
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because with the latter it's easy to forget to update the counter and get
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stuck in an infinite loop.
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Here `i` doesn't need to be declared with `mut` since it's always going to be mutable by definition.
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Here `i` doesn't need to be declared with `var` since it's always going to be mutable by definition.
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## Match
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@ -546,12 +546,12 @@ Their access modifiers can be changed with
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```v
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struct Foo {
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a int // private immutable (default)
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mut:
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var:
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b int // private mutable
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c int // (you can list multiple fields with the same access modifier)
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pub:
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d int // public immmutable (readonly)
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pub mut:
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pub var:
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e int // public, but mutable only in parent module
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__global:
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f int // public and mutable both inside and outside parent module
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@ -622,15 +622,15 @@ It is possible to modify function arguments by using the same keyword `mut`:
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```v
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struct User {
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mut:
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var:
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is_registered bool
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}
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fn (u mut User) register() {
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fn (var u User) register() {
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u.is_registered = true
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}
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mut user := User{}
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var user := User{}
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println(user.is_registered) // "false"
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user.register()
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println(user.is_registered) // "true"
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@ -640,18 +640,18 @@ In this example, the receiver (which is simply the first argument) is marked as
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so `register()` can change the user object. The same works with non-receiver arguments:
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```v
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fn multiply_by_2(arr mut []int) {
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fn multiply_by_2(var arr []int) {
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for i in 0..arr.len {
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arr[i] *= 2
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}
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}
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mut nums := [1, 2, 3]
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multiply_by_2(mut nums)
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var nums := [1, 2, 3]
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multiply_by_2(var nums)
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println(nums) // "[2, 4, 6]"
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```
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Note, that you have to add `mut` before `nums` when calling this function. This makes
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Note, that you have to add `var` before `nums` when calling this function. This makes
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it clear that the function being called will modify the value.
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It is preferable to return values instead of modifying arguments.
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@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ For this reason V doesn't allow to modify primitive args like integers, only
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complex types like arrays and maps.
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Use `user.register()` or `user = register(user)`
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instead of `register(mut user)`.
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instead of `register(var user)`.
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V makes it easy to return a modified version of an object:
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@ -719,7 +719,7 @@ fn (foo &Foo) bar() {
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```
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`foo` is still immutable and can't be changed. For that,
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`(foo mut Foo)` has to be used.
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`(var foo Foo)` has to be used.
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In general, V references are similar to Go pointers and C++ references.
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For example, a tree structure definition would look like this:
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@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ enum Color {
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red green blue
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}
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mut color := Color.red
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var color := Color.red
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// V knows that `color` is a `Color`. No need to use `color = Color.green` here.
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color = .green
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println(color) // "1" TODO: print "green"?
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@ -1370,7 +1370,7 @@ serializers for anything:
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```v
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// TODO: not implemented yet
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fn decode<T>(data string) T {
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mut result := T{}
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var result := T{}
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for field in T.fields {
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if field.typ == 'string' {
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result.$field = get_string(data, field.name)
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@ -1383,7 +1383,7 @@ fn decode<T>(data string) T {
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// generates to:
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fn decode_User(data string) User {
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mut result := User{}
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var result := User{}
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result.name = get_string(data, 'name')
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result.age = get_int(data, 'age')
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return result
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@ -1477,7 +1477,7 @@ Run `v translate test.cpp` and V will generate `test.v`:
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```v
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fn main {
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mut s := []
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var s := []
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s << 'V is '
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s << 'awesome'
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println(s.len)
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@ -1612,13 +1612,13 @@ in
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interface
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match
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module
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mut
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none
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or
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pub
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return
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struct
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type
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var
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```
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## Appendix II: Operators
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