x64 machine code generation (ELF)
Alexander Medvednikov
parent
ab91733a28
commit
9712213f50
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@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
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fn main() {
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for _ in 0..5 {
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println('Hello world from V x64 machine code generator!')
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}
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println('Hello again!')
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}
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11
v.v
11
v.v
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@ -95,31 +95,30 @@ fn main() {
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//println('unknown command/argument\n')
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//println(compiler.help_text)
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}
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// Construct the V object from command line arguments
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mut v := compiler.new_v(args)
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if v.pref.is_verbose {
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println(args)
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}
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if 'run' in args {
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// always recompile for now, too error prone to skip recompilation otherwise
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// for example for -repl usage, especially when piping lines to v
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v.compile()
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v.run_compiled_executable_and_exit()
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}
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mut tmark := benchmark.new_benchmark()
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v.compile()
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if v.pref.x64 {
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v.compile_x64()
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} else {
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v.compile()
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}
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if v.pref.is_stats {
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tmark.stop()
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println( 'compilation took: ' + tmark.total_duration().str() + 'ms')
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}
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if v.pref.is_test {
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v.run_compiled_executable_and_exit()
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}
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v.finalize_compilation()
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}
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@ -53,6 +53,10 @@ pub fn tos3(s *C.char) string {
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}
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}
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pub fn println(s string) {
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}
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/*
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pub fn (a string) clone() string {
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mut b := string {
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@ -283,9 +283,10 @@ fn (p mut Parser) fn_decl() {
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// C function header def? (fn C.NSMakeRect(int,int,int,int))
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is_c := f.name == 'C' && p.tok == .dot
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// Just fn signature? only builtin.v + default build mode
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if p.is_vh {
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//println('\n\nfn_decl() name=$f.name receiver_typ=$receiver_typ nogen=$p.cgen.nogen')
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}
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//if p.is_vh {
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//if f.name == 'main' {
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//println('\n\nfn_decl() name=$f.name pass=$p.pass $p.file_name receiver_typ=$receiver_typ nogen=$p.cgen.nogen')
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//}
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if is_c {
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p.check(.dot)
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f.name = p.check_name()
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@ -369,7 +370,7 @@ fn (p mut Parser) fn_decl() {
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//p.fgen_nl()
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}
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// Register ?option type for return value and args
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if typ.starts_with('Option_') {
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if typ.starts_with('Option_') {
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p.cgen.typedefs << 'typedef Option $typ;'
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}
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for arg in f.args {
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@ -989,6 +990,12 @@ fn (p mut Parser) fn_call_args(f mut Fn) {
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if clone {
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p.gen('/*YY f=$f.name arg=$arg.name is_moved=$arg.is_moved*/string_clone(')
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}
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// x64 println gen
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if p.pref.x64 && i == 0 && f.name == 'println' && p.tok == .str && p.peek() == .rpar {
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p.x64.gen_print(p.lit)
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}
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mut typ := p.bool_expression()
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// Register an interface type usage:
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// fn run(r Animal) { ... }
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@ -1008,6 +1015,8 @@ fn (p mut Parser) fn_call_args(f mut Fn) {
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if clone {
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p.gen(')')
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}
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// Optimize `println`: replace it with `printf` to avoid extra allocations and
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// function calls.
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// `println(777)` => `printf("%d\n", 777)`
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@ -1021,6 +1030,7 @@ fn (p mut Parser) fn_call_args(f mut Fn) {
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if i == 0 && (f.name == 'println' || f.name == 'print') &&
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!(typ in ['string', 'ustring', 'void' ])
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{
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//
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T := p.table.find_type(typ)
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$if !windows {
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$if !js {
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@ -1543,7 +1553,7 @@ fn (p &Parser) fn_signature_v(f &Fn) string {
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if f.is_method {
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receiver_arg := f.args[0]
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receiver_type := receiver_arg.typ.trim('*')
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f_name = f_name.all_after('${receiver_type}_')
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f_name = f_name.all_after('${receiver_type}_')
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mut rcv_typ := receiver_arg.typ.replace('array_', '[]').replace('map_', 'map[string]')
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if receiver_arg.is_mut { rcv_typ = 'mut '+rcv_typ.trim('*') }
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else if rcv_typ.ends_with('*') || receiver_arg.ptr { rcv_typ = '&'+rcv_typ.trim_right('&*') }
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@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ fn (p mut Parser) for_st() {
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next_tok := p.peek()
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//debug := p.scanner.file_path.contains('r_draw')
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p.open_scope()
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mut label := 0
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mut to := 0
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if p.tok == .lcbr {
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// Infinite loop
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p.gen('while (1) {')
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@ -130,9 +132,17 @@ fn (p mut Parser) for_st() {
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if is_range {
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p.check_types(typ, 'int')
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p.check_space(.dotdot)
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if p.pref.x64 {
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to = p.lit.int()
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}
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range_typ, range_expr := p.tmp_expr()
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p.check_types(range_typ, 'int')
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range_end = range_expr
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if p.pref.x64 {
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label = p.x64.gen_loop_start(expr.int())
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//to = range_expr.int() // TODO why empty?
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}
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}
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is_arr := typ.contains('array')
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is_str := typ == 'string'
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@ -189,5 +199,8 @@ fn (p mut Parser) for_st() {
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p.close_scope()
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p.for_expr_cnt--
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p.returns = false // TODO handle loops that are guaranteed to return
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if label > 0 {
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p.x64.gen_loop_end(to, label)
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}
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}
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@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
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module compiler
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import filepath
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//import compiler.x64
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pub fn (v mut V) compile_x64() {
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$if !linux {
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println('v -x64 can only generate Linux binaries for now')
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println('You are not on a Linux system, so you will not ' +
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'be able to run the resulting executable')
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}
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v.files << v.v_files_from_dir(filepath.join(v.pref.vlib_path, 'builtin', 'bare'))
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v.files << v.dir
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v.x64.generate_elf_header()
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for f in v.files {
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v.parse(f, .decl)
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}
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for f in v.files {
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v.parse(f, .main)
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}
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v.x64.generate_elf_footer()
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}
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@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
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os
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strings
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filepath
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compiler.x64
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)
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pub const (
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@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ pub mut:
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dir string // directory (or file) being compiled (TODO rename to path?)
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table &Table // table with types, vars, functions etc
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cgen &CGen // C code generator
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x64 &x64.Gen
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pref &Preferences // all the preferences and settings extracted to a struct for reusability
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lang_dir string // "~/code/v"
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out_name string // "program.exe"
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@ -123,6 +125,7 @@ pub mut:
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vlib_path string
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vpath string
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x64 bool
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}
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// Should be called by main at the end of the compilation process, to cleanup
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@ -968,9 +971,12 @@ pub fn new_v(args[]string) &V {
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mut out_name_c := get_vtmp_filename(out_name, '.tmp.c')
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cflags := get_cmdline_cflags(args)
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rdir := os.realpath(dir)
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rdir_name := os.filename(rdir)
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if '-bare' in args {
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verror('use -freestanding instead of -bare')
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}
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obfuscate := '-obf' in args
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is_repl := '-repl' in args
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@ -998,7 +1004,8 @@ pub fn new_v(args[]string) &V {
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compress: '-compress' in args
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enable_globals: '--enable-globals' in args
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fast: '-fast' in args
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is_bare: '-bare' in args
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is_bare: '-freestanding' in args
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x64: '-x64' in args
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is_repl: is_repl
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build_mode: build_mode
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cflags: cflags
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@ -1028,6 +1035,7 @@ pub fn new_v(args[]string) &V {
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table: new_table(obfuscate)
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out_name_c: out_name_c
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cgen: new_cgen(out_name_c)
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x64: x64.new_gen(out_name)
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vroot: vroot
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pref: pref
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mod: mod
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@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ module compiler
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import (
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os
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strings
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compiler.x64
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)
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struct Parser {
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@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ mut:
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prev_tok2 TokenKind // TODO remove these once the tokens are cached
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lit string
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cgen &CGen
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x64 &x64.Gen
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table &Table
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import_table ImportTable // Holds imports for just the file being parsed
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pass Pass
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@ -161,6 +163,7 @@ fn (v mut V) new_parser(scanner &Scanner) Parser {
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table: v.table
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cur_fn: EmptyFn
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cgen: v.cgen
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x64: v.x64
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pref: v.pref
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os: v.os
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vroot: v.vroot
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@ -2967,3 +2970,7 @@ fn (p mut Parser) is_expr_fn_call(start_tok_idx int) (bool, string) {
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}
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return is_fn_call, expr
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}
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fn todo_remove() {
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x64.new_gen('f')
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}
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@ -299,8 +299,8 @@ fn (p mut Parser) struct_init(typ string) string {
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continue
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}
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field_typ := field.typ
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if !p.builtin_mod && field_typ.ends_with('*') && field_typ.contains('Cfg') {
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p.error('pointer field `${typ}.${field.name}` must be initialized')
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if !p.builtin_mod && field_typ.ends_with('*') && p.mod != 'os' { //&&
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p.warn('pointer field `${typ}.${field.name}` must be initialized')
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}
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// init map fields
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if field_typ.starts_with('map_') {
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@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
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// Copyright (c) 2019 Alexander Medvednikov. All rights reserved.
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// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT license
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// that can be found in the LICENSE file.
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module x64
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import os
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const (
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mag0 = 0x7f
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mag1 = `E`
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mag2 = `L`
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mag3 = `F`
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ei_class = 4
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elfclass64 = 2
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elfdata2lsb = 1
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ev_current = 1
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elf_osabi = 0
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// ELF file types
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et_rel = 1
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et_exec = 2
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et_dyn = 3
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e_machine = 0x3e
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shn_xindex = 0xffff
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sht_null = 0
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)
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const (
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segment_start = 0x400000
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)
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pub fn (g mut Gen) generate_elf_header() {
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g.buf << [byte(mag0), mag1, mag2, mag3]
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g.buf << elfclass64 // file class
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g.buf << elfdata2lsb // data encoding
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g.buf << ev_current // file version
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g.buf << 1//elf_osabi
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g.write64(0)//et_rel) // et_rel for .o
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g.write16(2) // e_type
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g.write16(e_machine) //
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g.write32(ev_current) // e_version
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eh_size := 0x40
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phent_size := 0x38
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g.write64(segment_start + eh_size + phent_size) // e_entry
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g.write64(0x40) // e_phoff
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g.write64(0) // e_shoff
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g.write32(0) // e_flags
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g.write16(eh_size) // e_ehsize
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g.write16(phent_size) // e_phentsize
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g.write16(1) // e_phnum
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g.write16(0) // e_shentsize
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g.write16(0) // e_shnum (number of sections)
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g.write16(0) // e_shstrndx
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// Elf64_Phdr
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g.write32(1) // p_type
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g.write32(5) // p_flags
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g.write64(0) // p_offset
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g.write64(segment_start) // p_vaddr addr:050
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g.write64(segment_start) //
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g.file_size_pos = g.buf.len
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g.write64(0) // p_filesz PLACEHOLDER, set to file_size later // addr: 060
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g.write64(0) // p_memsz
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g.write64(0x1000) // p_align
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// user code starts here at
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// address: 00070 and a half
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}
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pub fn (g mut Gen) generate_elf_footer() {
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// Return 0
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g.mov(.edi, 0) // ret value
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g.mov(.eax, 60)
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g.syscall()
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// Strings table
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// Loop thru all strings and set the right addresses
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for i, s in g.strings {
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g.write64_at(segment_start + g.buf.len, int(g.str_pos[i]))
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g.write_string(s)
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g.write8(6)
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}
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// Now we know the file size, set it
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file_size := g.buf.len
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g.write64_at(file_size, g.file_size_pos) // set file size 64 bit value
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g.write64_at(file_size, g.file_size_pos+8)
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// Create the binary
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f := os.create('out.bin') or { panic(err) }
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f.write_bytes(g.buf.data, g.buf.len)
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f.close()
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println('x64 elf binary has been successfully generated')
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}
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@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
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// Copyright (c) 2019 Alexander Medvednikov. All rights reserved.
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// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT license
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// that can be found in the LICENSE file.
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module x64
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/*
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This file is unused right now, since binaries without sections
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are generated.
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But it will be necessary once we have dynamic linking.
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*/
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enum SectionType {
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null = 0
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progbits = 1
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symtab = 2
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strtab = 3
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rela = 4
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}
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struct SectionConfig {
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name string
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typ SectionType
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flags i64
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data voidptr
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is_saa bool
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datalen i64
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link int
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info int
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align i64
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entsize i64
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}
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fn (g mut Gen) section_header(c SectionConfig) {
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g.write32(g.sect_header_name_pos)
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g.sect_header_name_pos += c.name.len + 1
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g.write32(int(c.typ))
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g.write64(c.flags)
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g.write64(0) // sh_addr
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g.write64(g.offset)// offset
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g.offset += c.datalen+1
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g.write64(c.datalen)
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g.write32(c.link)
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g.write32(c.info)
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g.write64(c.align)
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g.write64(c.entsize)
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}
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fn genobj() {
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/*
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// SHN_UNDEF
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mut g := Gen{}
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nr_sections := 7
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g.section_header(SectionConfig{
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name: ''
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typ: .null
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flags:0
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data: 0
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is_saa: false
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link: 0
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info:0
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align:0
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entsize: 0
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})
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/*
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for sect in sections {
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g.section_header(SectionConfig{
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name:0
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typ: sect.typ
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flags: sect.flags
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data: sect.data
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is_saa: true
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datalen: sect.len
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link: 0
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info: 0
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align: sect.align
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entsize: sect.entsize
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})
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}
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*/
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g.section_header(SectionConfig{
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name: '.DATA'
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typ: .progbits
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flags: 0x2
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//data: sect.data
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is_saa: true
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datalen: 0xd
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link: 0
|
||||
info: 0
|
||||
align: 1
|
||||
entsize: 0
|
||||
})
|
||||
|
||||
g.section_header(SectionConfig{
|
||||
name: '.TEXT'
|
||||
typ: .progbits
|
||||
flags: 0x2
|
||||
//data: sect.data
|
||||
is_saa: true
|
||||
datalen: 0xd
|
||||
link: 0
|
||||
info: 0
|
||||
align: 1
|
||||
entsize: 0
|
||||
})
|
||||
g.section_header(SectionConfig{
|
||||
name: '.shstrtab'
|
||||
typ: .strtab
|
||||
flags: 0x2
|
||||
//data: sect.data
|
||||
is_saa: true
|
||||
datalen: 0x22
|
||||
link: 0
|
||||
info: 0
|
||||
align: 1
|
||||
entsize: 0
|
||||
})
|
||||
g.section_header(SectionConfig{
|
||||
name: '.symtab'
|
||||
typ: .symtab
|
||||
flags: 0x2
|
||||
//data: sect.data
|
||||
is_saa: true
|
||||
datalen: 0xd
|
||||
link: 0
|
||||
info: 0
|
||||
align: 1
|
||||
entsize: 0
|
||||
})
|
||||
g.section_header(SectionConfig{
|
||||
name: '.strtab'
|
||||
typ: .symtab
|
||||
flags: 0x2
|
||||
//data: sect.data
|
||||
is_saa: true
|
||||
datalen: 0xd
|
||||
link: 0
|
||||
info: 0
|
||||
align: 1
|
||||
entsize: 0
|
||||
})
|
||||
g.section_header(SectionConfig{
|
||||
name: '.rela.TEXT'
|
||||
typ: .rela
|
||||
flags: 0x0
|
||||
//data: sect.data
|
||||
is_saa: true
|
||||
datalen: 0x18
|
||||
link: 4
|
||||
info: 2
|
||||
align: 8
|
||||
entsize: 0x18
|
||||
})
|
||||
*/
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
|
|||
// Copyright (c) 2019 Alexander Medvednikov. All rights reserved.
|
||||
// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT license
|
||||
// that can be found in the LICENSE file.
|
||||
|
||||
module x64
|
||||
|
||||
pub struct Gen {
|
||||
out_name string
|
||||
mut:
|
||||
buf []byte
|
||||
sect_header_name_pos int
|
||||
offset i64
|
||||
str_pos []i64
|
||||
strings []string // TODO use a map and don't duplicate strings
|
||||
//str string
|
||||
file_size_pos i64
|
||||
//string_addr map[string]i64
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
enum Register {
|
||||
eax
|
||||
edi
|
||||
rax
|
||||
rdi
|
||||
rsi
|
||||
edx
|
||||
rdx
|
||||
r12
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
enum Size {
|
||||
_8
|
||||
_16
|
||||
_32
|
||||
_64
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
pub fn new_gen(out_name string) &Gen {
|
||||
return &Gen{
|
||||
sect_header_name_pos : 0
|
||||
buf: []
|
||||
out_name: out_name
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
fn (g mut Gen) write8(n int) {
|
||||
// write 1 byte
|
||||
g.buf << byte(n)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn (g mut Gen) write16(n int) {
|
||||
// write 2 bytes
|
||||
g.buf << byte(n)
|
||||
g.buf << byte(n >> 8)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn (g mut Gen) write32(n int) {
|
||||
// write 4 bytes
|
||||
g.buf << byte(n)
|
||||
g.buf << byte(n >> 8)
|
||||
g.buf << byte(n >> 16)
|
||||
g.buf << byte(n >> 24)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn (g mut Gen) write64(n i64) {
|
||||
// write 8 bytes
|
||||
g.buf << byte(n)
|
||||
g.buf << byte(n >> 8)
|
||||
g.buf << byte(n >> 16)
|
||||
g.buf << byte(n >> 24)
|
||||
g.buf << byte(n >> 32)
|
||||
g.buf << byte(n >> 40)
|
||||
g.buf << byte(n >> 48)
|
||||
g.buf << byte(n >> 56)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn (g mut Gen) write64_at(n i64, at i64) {
|
||||
// write 8 bytes
|
||||
g.buf[at] = byte(n)
|
||||
g.buf[at+1] = byte(n >> 8)
|
||||
g.buf[at+2] = byte(n >> 16)
|
||||
g.buf[at+3] = byte(n >> 24)
|
||||
g.buf[at+4] = byte(n >> 32)
|
||||
g.buf[at+5] = byte(n >> 40)
|
||||
g.buf[at+6] = byte(n >> 48)
|
||||
g.buf[at+7] = byte(n >> 56)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn (g mut Gen) write_string(s string) {
|
||||
for c in s {
|
||||
g.write8(int(c))
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn (g mut Gen) inc(reg Register) {
|
||||
g.write16(0xff49)
|
||||
match reg {
|
||||
.r12 { g.write8(0xc4) }
|
||||
else { panic('unhandled inc $reg') }
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn (g mut Gen) cmp(reg Register, size Size, val i64) {
|
||||
g.write8(0x49)
|
||||
// Second byte depends on the size of the value
|
||||
match size {
|
||||
._8 { g.write8(0x83) }
|
||||
._32 { g.write8(0x81) }
|
||||
else { panic('unhandled cmp') }
|
||||
}
|
||||
// Third byte depends on the register being compared to
|
||||
match reg {
|
||||
.r12 { g.write8(0xfc) }
|
||||
else { panic('unhandled cmp') }
|
||||
}
|
||||
g.write8(int(val))
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn abs(a i64) i64 { return if a < 0 { -a } else { a } }
|
||||
|
||||
fn (g mut Gen) jle(addr i64) {
|
||||
offset := 0xff - int(abs(addr - g.buf.len))-1
|
||||
g.write8(0x7e)
|
||||
g.write8(offset)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn (g mut Gen) mov64(reg Register, val i64) {
|
||||
match reg {
|
||||
.rsi {
|
||||
g.write8(0x48)
|
||||
g.write8(0xbe)
|
||||
}
|
||||
else { println('unhandled mov $reg') }
|
||||
}
|
||||
g.write64(val)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn (g mut Gen) call(val int) {
|
||||
g.write8(0xe8)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn (g mut Gen) syscall() {
|
||||
// g.write(0x050f)
|
||||
g.write8(0x0f)
|
||||
g.write8(0x05)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn (g mut Gen) ret() {
|
||||
g.write8(0xc3)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// returns label's relative address
|
||||
pub fn (g mut Gen) gen_loop_start(from int) int {
|
||||
g.mov(.r12, from)
|
||||
label := g.buf.len
|
||||
g.inc(.r12)
|
||||
return label
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
pub fn (g mut Gen) gen_loop_end(to int, label int) {
|
||||
g.cmp(.r12, ._8, to)
|
||||
g.jle(label)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
pub fn (g mut Gen) gen_print(s string) {
|
||||
g.strings << s + '\n'
|
||||
//g.string_addr[s] = str_pos
|
||||
g.mov(.eax, 1)
|
||||
g.mov(.edi, 1)
|
||||
str_pos := g.buf.len + 2
|
||||
g.str_pos << str_pos
|
||||
g.mov64(.rsi, 0) //segment_start + 0x9f) // str pos // PLACEHOLDER
|
||||
g.mov(.edx, s.len+1) // len
|
||||
g.syscall()
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
fn (g mut Gen) mov(reg Register, val int) {
|
||||
match reg {
|
||||
.eax { g.write8(0xb8) }
|
||||
.edi { g.write8(0xbf) }
|
||||
.edx { g.write8(0xba) }
|
||||
.rsi {
|
||||
g.write8(0x48)
|
||||
g.write8(0xbe)
|
||||
}
|
||||
.r12 {
|
||||
g.write8(0x41)
|
||||
g.write8(0xbc) // r11 is 0xbb etc
|
||||
}
|
||||
else {
|
||||
panic('unhandled mov $reg')
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
g.write32(val)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
21
vlib/os/os.v
21
vlib/os/os.v
|
|
@ -87,6 +87,27 @@ pub fn (f File) read_bytes_at(size, pos int) []byte {
|
|||
return arr
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
pub fn read_bytes(path string) ?[]byte {
|
||||
mut fp := vfopen(path, 'rb')
|
||||
if isnil(fp) {
|
||||
return error('failed to open file "$path"')
|
||||
}
|
||||
C.fseek(fp, 0, C.SEEK_END)
|
||||
fsize := C.ftell(fp)
|
||||
C.rewind(fp)
|
||||
println('fsize=$fsize')
|
||||
mut data := malloc(fsize)
|
||||
C.fread(data, fsize, 1, fp)
|
||||
mut res := [`0`].repeat(fsize)
|
||||
for i in 0..fsize {
|
||||
res[i] = data[i]
|
||||
}
|
||||
C.fclose(fp)
|
||||
//res := []byte(data, 10) // TODO can't `return []byte(data)`
|
||||
//println('res0 = ' + res[0].str())
|
||||
return res
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// read_file reads the file in `path` and returns the contents.
|
||||
pub fn read_file(path string) ?string {
|
||||
mode := 'rb'
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue