diff --git a/vlib/v/ast/scope.v b/vlib/v/ast/scope.v
index cc8dd2db21..b74a666fe8 100644
--- a/vlib/v/ast/scope.v
+++ b/vlib/v/ast/scope.v
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ fn (s &Scope) dont_lookup_parent() bool {
 pub fn (s &Scope) find(name string) ?ScopeObject {
 	for sc := s; true; sc = sc.parent {
 		if name in sc.objects {
-			return sc.objects[name]
+			return unsafe { sc.objects[name] }
 		}
 		if sc.dont_lookup_parent() {
 			break
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ pub fn (s &Scope) known_var(name string) bool {
 }
 
 pub fn (mut s Scope) update_var_type(name string, typ Type) {
-	mut obj := s.objects[name]
+	mut obj := unsafe { s.objects[name] }
 	if mut obj is Var {
 		if obj.typ != typ {
 			obj.typ = typ
diff --git a/vlib/v/checker/checker.v b/vlib/v/checker/checker.v
index 59347456dd..f19b12caee 100644
--- a/vlib/v/checker/checker.v
+++ b/vlib/v/checker/checker.v
@@ -5783,8 +5783,8 @@ fn (mut c Checker) comptime_call(mut node ast.ComptimeCall) ast.Type {
 				i++
 				continue
 			}
-			if k in c.fn_scope.objects && c.fn_scope.objects[k] is ast.Var {
-				mut vsc := c.fn_scope.objects[k] as ast.Var
+			if k in c.fn_scope.objects && unsafe { c.fn_scope.objects[k] } is ast.Var {
+				mut vsc := unsafe { c.fn_scope.objects[k] } as ast.Var
 				vsc.is_used = true
 				c.fn_scope.objects[k] = vsc
 			}
@@ -7437,6 +7437,12 @@ pub fn (mut c Checker) index_expr(mut node ast.IndexExpr) ast.Type {
 				err := c.expected_msg(index_type, info.key_type)
 				c.error('invalid key: $err', node.pos)
 			}
+			value_sym := c.table.get_type_symbol(info.value_type)
+			if !node.is_setter && value_sym.kind == .sum_type && node.or_expr.kind == .absent
+				&& !c.inside_unsafe {
+				c.warn('`or {}` block required when indexing a map with sum type value',
+					node.pos)
+			}
 		} else {
 			index_type := c.expr(node.index)
 			c.check_index(typ_sym, node.index, index_type, node.pos, false)
diff --git a/vlib/v/checker/tests/require_or_block_sumtype_map.err.out b/vlib/v/checker/tests/require_or_block_sumtype_map.err.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7bfee678aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vlib/v/checker/tests/require_or_block_sumtype_map.err.out
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+vlib/v/checker/tests/require_or_block_sumtype_map.err.vv:5:8: error: `or {}` block required when indexing a map with sum type value
+    3 | fn main() {
+    4 |     x := map[string]Abc{}
+    5 |     _ := x['nonexisting']
+      |           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+    6 | }
diff --git a/vlib/v/checker/tests/require_or_block_sumtype_map.err.vv b/vlib/v/checker/tests/require_or_block_sumtype_map.err.vv
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ed4d806c71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vlib/v/checker/tests/require_or_block_sumtype_map.err.vv
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+type Abc = string | int
+
+fn main() {
+	x := map[string]Abc{}
+	_ := x['nonexisting']
+}
diff --git a/vlib/v/compiler_errors_test.v b/vlib/v/compiler_errors_test.v
index 1c502b2009..9aaeeed91d 100644
--- a/vlib/v/compiler_errors_test.v
+++ b/vlib/v/compiler_errors_test.v
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ fn (mut task TaskDescription) execute() {
 	task.expected_out_path = expected_out_path
 	task.cli_cmd = cli_cmd
 	if should_autofix && !os.exists(expected_out_path) {
-		os.write_file(expected_out_path, '') or { panic(err) }
+		os.create(expected_out_path) or { panic(err) }
 	}
 	mut expected := os.read_file(expected_out_path) or { panic(err) }
 	task.expected = clean_line_endings(expected)
diff --git a/vlib/v/parser/parser.v b/vlib/v/parser/parser.v
index 352efea2c7..6d00b26a5d 100644
--- a/vlib/v/parser/parser.v
+++ b/vlib/v/parser/parser.v
@@ -1097,7 +1097,7 @@ fn (mut p Parser) asm_stmt(is_top_level bool) ast.AsmStmt {
 fn (mut p Parser) reg_or_alias() ast.AsmArg {
 	p.check(.name)
 	if p.prev_tok.lit in p.scope.objects {
-		x := p.scope.objects[p.prev_tok.lit]
+		x := unsafe { p.scope.objects[p.prev_tok.lit] }
 		if x is ast.AsmRegister {
 			return ast.AsmArg(x as ast.AsmRegister)
 		} else {
diff --git a/vlib/x/json2/any_test.v b/vlib/x/json2/any_test.v
index 45349a8aec..e7731fbed2 100644
--- a/vlib/x/json2/any_test.v
+++ b/vlib/x/json2/any_test.v
@@ -25,106 +25,106 @@ fn is_null(f json2.Any) bool {
 
 fn test_f32() {
 	// valid conversions
-	assert sample_data['int'].f32() == 1.0
-	assert sample_data['i64'].f32() == 128.0
-	assert sample_data['f32'].f32() == 2.0
-	assert sample_data['f64'].f32() == 1.2829999923706055
+	assert sample_data['int'] or { 0 }.f32() == 1.0
+	assert sample_data['i64'] or { 0 }.f32() == 128.0
+	assert sample_data['f32'] or { 0 }.f32() == 2.0
+	assert sample_data['f64'] or { 0 }.f32() == 1.2829999923706055
 	// invalid conversions
-	assert sample_data['bool'].f32() == 0.0
-	assert sample_data['str'].f32() == 0.0
-	assert sample_data['null'].f32() == 0.0
-	assert sample_data['arr'].f32() == 0.0
-	assert sample_data['obj'].f32() == 0.0
+	assert sample_data['bool'] or { 0 }.f32() == 0.0
+	assert sample_data['str'] or { 0 }.f32() == 0.0
+	assert sample_data['null'] or { 0 }.f32() == 0.0
+	assert sample_data['arr'] or { 0 }.f32() == 0.0
+	assert sample_data['obj'] or { 0 }.f32() == 0.0
 }
 
 fn test_f64() {
 	// valid conversions
-	assert sample_data['int'].f64() == 1.0
-	assert sample_data['i64'].f64() == 128.0
-	assert sample_data['f32'].f64() == 2.0
-	assert sample_data['f64'].f64() == 1.283
+	assert sample_data['int'] or { 0 }.f64() == 1.0
+	assert sample_data['i64'] or { 0 }.f64() == 128.0
+	assert sample_data['f32'] or { 0 }.f64() == 2.0
+	assert sample_data['f64'] or { 0 }.f64() == 1.283
 	// invalid conversions
-	assert sample_data['bool'].f64() == 0.0
-	assert sample_data['str'].f64() == 0.0
-	assert sample_data['null'].f64() == 0.0
-	assert sample_data['arr'].f64() == 0.0
-	assert sample_data['obj'].f64() == 0.0
+	assert sample_data['bool'] or { 0 }.f64() == 0.0
+	assert sample_data['str'] or { 0 }.f64() == 0.0
+	assert sample_data['null'] or { 0 }.f64() == 0.0
+	assert sample_data['arr'] or { 0 }.f64() == 0.0
+	assert sample_data['obj'] or { 0 }.f64() == 0.0
 }
 
 fn test_int() {
 	// valid conversions
-	assert sample_data['int'].int() == 1
-	assert sample_data['i64'].int() == 128
-	assert sample_data['f32'].int() == 2
-	assert sample_data['f64'].int() == 1
+	assert sample_data['int'] or { 0 }.int() == 1
+	assert sample_data['i64'] or { 0 }.int() == 128
+	assert sample_data['f32'] or { 0 }.int() == 2
+	assert sample_data['f64'] or { 0 }.int() == 1
 	assert json2.Any(true).int() == 1
 	// invalid conversions
 	assert json2.Any('123').int() == 0
-	assert sample_data['null'].int() == 0
-	assert sample_data['arr'].int() == 0
-	assert sample_data['obj'].int() == 0
+	assert sample_data['null'] or { 0 }.int() == 0
+	assert sample_data['arr'] or { 0 }.int() == 0
+	assert sample_data['obj'] or { 0 }.int() == 0
 }
 
 fn test_i64() {
 	// valid conversions
-	assert sample_data['int'].i64() == 1
-	assert sample_data['i64'].i64() == 128
-	assert sample_data['f32'].i64() == 2
-	assert sample_data['f64'].i64() == 1
+	assert sample_data['int'] or { 0 }.i64() == 1
+	assert sample_data['i64'] or { 0 }.i64() == 128
+	assert sample_data['f32'] or { 0 }.i64() == 2
+	assert sample_data['f64'] or { 0 }.i64() == 1
 	assert json2.Any(true).i64() == 1
 	// invalid conversions
 	assert json2.Any('123').i64() == 0
-	assert sample_data['null'].i64() == 0
-	assert sample_data['arr'].i64() == 0
-	assert sample_data['obj'].i64() == 0
+	assert sample_data['null'] or { 0 }.i64() == 0
+	assert sample_data['arr'] or { 0 }.i64() == 0
+	assert sample_data['obj'] or { 0 }.i64() == 0
 }
 
 fn test_as_map() {
-	assert sample_data['int'].as_map()['0'].int() == 1
-	assert sample_data['i64'].as_map()['0'].i64() == 128.0
-	assert sample_data['f32'].as_map()['0'].f32() == 2.0
-	assert sample_data['f64'].as_map()['0'].f64() == 1.283
-	assert sample_data['bool'].as_map()['0'].bool() == false
-	assert sample_data['str'].as_map()['0'].str() == 'test'
-	assert is_null(sample_data['null'].as_map()['0']) == true
-	assert sample_data['arr'].as_map()['0'].str() == 'lol'
-	assert sample_data['obj'].as_map()['foo'].int() == 10
+	assert sample_data['int'] or { 0 }.as_map()['0'] or { 0 }.int() == 1
+	assert sample_data['i64'] or { 0 }.as_map()['0'] or { 0 }.i64() == 128.0
+	assert sample_data['f32'] or { 0 }.as_map()['0'] or { 0 }.f32() == 2.0
+	assert sample_data['f64'] or { 0 }.as_map()['0'] or { 0 }.f64() == 1.283
+	assert sample_data['bool'] or { 0 }.as_map()['0'] or { 0 }.bool() == false
+	assert sample_data['str'] or { 0 }.as_map()['0'] or { 0 }.str() == 'test'
+	assert is_null(sample_data['null'] or { 0 }.as_map()['0'] or { 0 }) == true
+	assert sample_data['arr'] or { 0 }.as_map()['0'] or { 0 }.str() == 'lol'
+	assert sample_data['obj'] or { 0 }.as_map()['foo'] or { 0 }.int() == 10
 }
 
 fn test_arr() {
-	assert sample_data['int'].arr()[0].int() == 1
-	assert sample_data['i64'].arr()[0].i64() == 128.0
-	assert sample_data['f32'].arr()[0].f32() == 2.0
-	assert sample_data['f64'].arr()[0].f64() == 1.283
-	assert sample_data['bool'].arr()[0].bool() == false
-	assert sample_data['str'].arr()[0].str() == 'test'
-	assert is_null(sample_data['null'].arr()[0]) == true
-	assert sample_data['arr'].arr()[0].str() == 'lol'
-	assert sample_data['obj'].arr()[0].int() == 10
+	assert sample_data['int'] or { 0 }.arr()[0].int() == 1
+	assert sample_data['i64'] or { 0 }.arr()[0].i64() == 128.0
+	assert sample_data['f32'] or { 0 }.arr()[0].f32() == 2.0
+	assert sample_data['f64'] or { 0 }.arr()[0].f64() == 1.283
+	assert sample_data['bool'] or { 0 }.arr()[0].bool() == false
+	assert sample_data['str'] or { 0 }.arr()[0].str() == 'test'
+	assert is_null(sample_data['null'] or { 0 }.arr()[0]) == true
+	assert sample_data['arr'] or { 0 }.arr()[0].str() == 'lol'
+	assert sample_data['obj'] or { 0 }.arr()[0].int() == 10
 }
 
 fn test_bool() {
 	// valid conversions
-	assert sample_data['bool'].bool() == false
+	assert sample_data['bool'] or { 0 }.bool() == false
 	assert json2.Any('true').bool() == true
 	// invalid conversions
-	assert sample_data['int'].bool() == false
-	assert sample_data['i64'].bool() == false
-	assert sample_data['f32'].bool() == false
-	assert sample_data['f64'].bool() == false
-	assert sample_data['null'].bool() == false
-	assert sample_data['arr'].bool() == false
-	assert sample_data['obj'].bool() == false
+	assert sample_data['int'] or { 0 }.bool() == false
+	assert sample_data['i64'] or { 0 }.bool() == false
+	assert sample_data['f32'] or { 0 }.bool() == false
+	assert sample_data['f64'] or { 0 }.bool() == false
+	assert sample_data['null'] or { 0 }.bool() == false
+	assert sample_data['arr'] or { 0 }.bool() == false
+	assert sample_data['obj'] or { 0 }.bool() == false
 }
 
 fn test_str() {
-	assert sample_data['int'].str() == '1'
-	assert sample_data['i64'].str() == '128'
-	assert sample_data['f32'].str() == '2.0'
-	assert sample_data['f64'].str() == '1.283'
-	assert sample_data['bool'].str() == 'false'
-	assert sample_data['str'].str() == 'test'
-	assert sample_data['null'].str() == 'null'
-	assert sample_data['arr'].str() == '["lol"]'
+	assert sample_data['int'] or { 0 }.str() == '1'
+	assert sample_data['i64'] or { 0 }.str() == '128'
+	assert sample_data['f32'] or { 0 }.str() == '2.0'
+	assert sample_data['f64'] or { 0 }.str() == '1.283'
+	assert sample_data['bool'] or { 0 }.str() == 'false'
+	assert sample_data['str'] or { 0 }.str() == 'test'
+	assert sample_data['null'] or { 0 }.str() == 'null'
+	assert sample_data['arr'] or { 0 }.str() == '["lol"]'
 	assert sample_data.str() == '{"int":1,"i64":128,"f32":2.0,"f64":1.283,"bool":false,"str":"test","null":null,"arr":["lol"],"obj":{"foo":10}}'
 }
diff --git a/vlib/x/json2/decoder_test.v b/vlib/x/json2/decoder_test.v
index f80f8b2966..d6b0d10340 100644
--- a/vlib/x/json2/decoder_test.v
+++ b/vlib/x/json2/decoder_test.v
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ fn test_raw_decode_number() ? {
 fn test_raw_decode_array() ? {
 	raw_arr := raw_decode('["Foo", 1]') ?
 	arr := raw_arr.arr()
-	assert arr[0].str() == 'Foo'
-	assert arr[1].int() == 1
+	assert arr[0] or { 0 }.str() == 'Foo'
+	assert arr[1] or { 0 }.int() == 1
 }
 
 fn test_raw_decode_bool() ? {
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ fn test_raw_decode_bool() ? {
 fn test_raw_decode_map() ? {
 	raw_mp := raw_decode('{"name":"Bob","age":20}') ?
 	mp := raw_mp.as_map()
-	assert mp['name'].str() == 'Bob'
-	assert mp['age'].int() == 20
+	assert mp['name'] or { 0 }.str() == 'Bob'
+	assert mp['age'] or { 0 }.int() == 20
 }
 
 fn test_raw_decode_null() ? {
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ fn test_raw_decode_string_with_dollarsign() ? {
 fn test_raw_decode_map_with_whitespaces() ? {
 	raw_mp := raw_decode(' \n\t{"name":"Bob","age":20}\n\t') ?
 	mp := raw_mp.as_map()
-	assert mp['name'].str() == 'Bob'
-	assert mp['age'].int() == 20
+	assert mp['name'] or { 0 }.str() == 'Bob'
+	assert mp['age'] or { 0 }.int() == 20
 }
 
 fn test_nested_array_object() ? {
diff --git a/vlib/x/json2/json2_test.v b/vlib/x/json2/json2_test.v
index 3fc29f7b41..594c257390 100644
--- a/vlib/x/json2/json2_test.v
+++ b/vlib/x/json2/json2_test.v
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ fn (e Employee) to_json() string {
 
 fn (mut e Employee) from_json(any json2.Any) {
 	mp := any.as_map()
-	e.name = mp['name'].str()
-	e.age = mp['age'].int()
-	e.salary = mp['salary'].f32()
-	e.title = JobTitle(mp['title'].int())
+	e.name = mp['name'] or { 0 }.str()
+	e.age = mp['age'] or { 0 }.int()
+	e.salary = mp['salary'] or { 0 }.f32()
+	e.title = JobTitle(mp['title'] or { 0 }.int())
 }
 
 fn test_simple() {
@@ -84,11 +84,11 @@ fn test_character_unescape() {
 	}
 	lines := obj.as_map()
 	eprintln('$lines')
-	assert lines['newline'].str() == 'new\nline'
-	assert lines['tab'].str() == '\ttab'
-	assert lines['backslash'].str() == 'back\\slash'
-	assert lines['quotes'].str() == '"quotes"'
-	assert lines['slash'].str() == '/dev/null'
+	assert lines['newline'] or { 0 }.str() == 'new\nline'
+	assert lines['tab'] or { 0 }.str() == '\ttab'
+	assert lines['backslash'] or { 0 }.str() == 'back\\slash'
+	assert lines['quotes'] or { 0 }.str() == '"quotes"'
+	assert lines['slash'] or { 0 }.str() == '/dev/null'
 }
 
 struct User2 {
@@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ fn (mut u User2) from_json(an json2.Any) {
 			}
 		}
 		match field.name {
-			'age' { u.age = mp[js_field_name].int() }
-			'nums' { u.nums = mp[js_field_name].arr().map(it.int()) }
+			'age' { u.age = mp[js_field_name] or { 0 }.int() }
+			'nums' { u.nums = mp[js_field_name] or { 0 }.arr().map(it.int()) }
 			else {}
 		}
 	}
@@ -140,12 +140,12 @@ fn (mut u User) from_json(an json2.Any) {
 			}
 		}
 		match field.name {
-			'age' { u.age = mp[js_field_name].int() }
-			'nums' { u.nums = mp[js_field_name].arr().map(it.int()) }
-			'last_name' { u.last_name = mp[js_field_name].str() }
-			'is_registered' { u.is_registered = mp[js_field_name].bool() }
-			'typ' { u.typ = mp[js_field_name].int() }
-			'pets' { u.pets = mp[js_field_name].str() }
+			'age' { u.age = mp[js_field_name] or { 0 }.int() }
+			'nums' { u.nums = mp[js_field_name] or { 0 }.arr().map(it.int()) }
+			'last_name' { u.last_name = mp[js_field_name] or { 0 }.str() }
+			'is_registered' { u.is_registered = mp[js_field_name] or { 0 }.bool() }
+			'typ' { u.typ = mp[js_field_name] or { 0 }.int() }
+			'pets' { u.pets = mp[js_field_name] or { 0 }.str() }
 			else {}
 		}
 	}
@@ -212,8 +212,8 @@ fn (mut c Color) from_json(an json2.Any) {
 	mp := an.as_map()
 	$for field in Color.fields {
 		match field.name {
-			'space' { c.space = mp[field.name].str() }
-			'point' { c.point = mp[field.name].str() }
+			'space' { c.space = mp[field.name] or { 0 }.str() }
+			'point' { c.point = mp[field.name] or { 0 }.str() }
 			else {}
 		}
 	}