all: replace []byte with []u8

cmd/tools/bench/wyhash.v

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ fn main() {
 	mut checksum := u64(0)
 	mut start_pos := 0
 	mut bgenerating := benchmark.start()
-	mut bytepile := []byte{}
+	mut bytepile := []u8{}
 	for _ in 0 .. sample_size * max_str_len {
 		bytepile << u8(rand.int_in_range(40, 125) or { 40 })
 	}

cmd/tools/vast/vast.v

@@ -2209,7 +2209,7 @@ fn (t Tree) array_node_int(nodes []int) &Node {
 	return arr
 }
 
-fn (t Tree) array_node_u8(nodes []byte) &Node {
+fn (t Tree) array_node_u8(nodes []u8) &Node {
 	mut arr := new_array()
 	for node in nodes {
 		arr.add_item(t.number_node(node))

cmd/tools/vbin2v.v

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ fn (context Context) footer() string {
 	return ')\n'
 }
 
-fn (context Context) file2v(bname string, fbytes []byte, bn_max int) string {
+fn (context Context) file2v(bname string, fbytes []u8, bn_max int) string {
 	mut sb := strings.new_builder(1000)
 	bn_diff_len := bn_max - bname.len
 	sb.write_string('\t${bname}_len' + ' '.repeat(bn_diff_len - 4) + ' = $fbytes.len\n')
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ fn (context Context) file2v(bname string, fbytes []byte, bn_max int) string {
 	return sb.str()
 }
 
-fn (context Context) bname_and_bytes(file string) ?(string, []byte) {
+fn (context Context) bname_and_bytes(file string) ?(string, []u8) {
 	fname := os.file_name(file)
 	fname_escaped := fname.replace_each(['.', '_', '-', '_'])
 	byte_name := '$context.prefix$fname_escaped'.to_lower()
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ fn main() {
 	if context.write_file != '' && os.file_ext(context.write_file) !in ['.vv', '.v'] {
 		context.write_file += '.v'
 	}
-	mut file_byte_map := map[string][]byte{}
+	mut file_byte_map := map[string][]u8{}
 	for file in real_files {
 		bname, fbytes := context.bname_and_bytes(file) or {
 			eprintln(err.msg())

examples/net_udp_server_and_client.v

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ fn main() {
 	println('------------------------------------------')
 	is_server := '-l' in os.args
 	port := cmdline.option(os.args, '-p', '40001').int()
-	mut buf := []byte{len: 100}
+	mut buf := []u8{len: 100}
 	if is_server {
 		println('UDP echo server, listening for udp packets on port: $port')
 		mut c := net.listen_udp(':$port') ?

examples/pendulum-simulation/modules/sim/img/ppm.v

@@ -35,14 +35,14 @@ pub fn (s ImageSettings) to_grid_settings() sim.GridSettings {
 pub struct PPMWriter {
 mut:
 	file       os.File
-	cache      []byte
+	cache      []u8
 	cache_size int
 }
 
 pub fn ppm_writer_for_fname(fname string, settings ImageSettings) ?&PPMWriter {
 	mut writer := &PPMWriter{
 		cache_size: settings.cache_size
-		cache: []byte{cap: settings.cache_size}
+		cache: []u8{cap: settings.cache_size}
 	}
 	writer.start_for_file(fname, settings) ?
 	return writer

examples/sokol/06_obj_viewer/modules/obj/util.v

@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ pub fn read_lines_from_file(file_path string) []string {
 	return rows
 }
 
-// read a file as []byte
+// read a file as []u8
-pub fn read_bytes_from_file(file_path string) []byte {
+pub fn read_bytes_from_file(file_path string) []u8 {
 	mut path := ''
-	mut buffer := []byte{}
+	mut buffer := []u8{}
 	$if android {
 		path = 'models/' + file_path
 		buffer = os.read_apk_asset(path) or {

examples/viewer/view.v

@@ -215,9 +215,9 @@ fn (mut app App) read_bytes(path string) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-// read a file as []byte
+// read a file as []u8
-pub fn read_bytes_from_file(file_path string) []byte {
+pub fn read_bytes_from_file(file_path string) []u8 {
-	mut buffer := []byte{}
+	mut buffer := []u8{}
 	buffer = os.read_bytes(file_path) or {
 		eprintln('ERROR: Texure file: [$file_path] NOT FOUND.')
 		exit(0)

vlib/bitfield/bitfield.v

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ const (
 
 // from_bytes converts a byte array into a bitfield.
 // [0x0F, 0x01] => 0000 1111 0000 0001
-pub fn from_bytes(input []byte) BitField {
+pub fn from_bytes(input []u8) BitField {
 	mut output := new(input.len * 8)
 	for i, b in input {
 		mut ob := u8(0)
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ pub fn from_bytes(input []byte) BitField {
 
 // from_bytes_lowest_bits_first converts a byte array into a bitfield
 // [0x0F, 0x01] => 1111 0000 1000 0000
-pub fn from_bytes_lowest_bits_first(input []byte) BitField {
+pub fn from_bytes_lowest_bits_first(input []u8) BitField {
 	mut output := new(input.len * 8)
 	for i, b in input {
 		output.field[i / 4] |= u32(b) << ((i % 4) * 8)

vlib/builtin/array.v

@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ pub fn (a []string) str() string {
 
 // hex returns a string with the hexadecimal representation
 // of the byte elements of the array.
-pub fn (b []byte) hex() string {
+pub fn (b []u8) hex() string {
 	mut hex := unsafe { malloc_noscan(b.len * 2 + 1) }
 	mut dst_i := 0
 	for i in b {
@@ -865,7 +865,7 @@ pub fn (b []byte) hex() string {
 // Returns the number of elements copied.
 // NOTE: This is not an `array` method. It is a function that takes two arrays of bytes.
 // See also: `arrays.copy`.
-pub fn copy(mut dst []byte, src []byte) int {
+pub fn copy(mut dst []u8, src []u8) int {
 	min := if dst.len < src.len { dst.len } else { src.len }
 	if min > 0 {
 		unsafe { vmemmove(&u8(dst.data), src.data, min) }
@@ -913,10 +913,10 @@ pub fn (a array) pointers() []voidptr {
 	return res
 }
 
-// vbytes on`voidptr` makes a V []byte structure from a C style memory buffer.
+// vbytes on`voidptr` makes a V []u8 structure from a C style memory buffer.
 // NOTE: the data is reused, NOT copied!
 [unsafe]
-pub fn (data voidptr) vbytes(len int) []byte {
+pub fn (data voidptr) vbytes(len int) []u8 {
 	res := array{
 		element_size: 1
 		data: data
@@ -926,9 +926,9 @@ pub fn (data voidptr) vbytes(len int) []byte {
 	return res
 }
 
-// vbytes on `&byte` makes a V []byte structure from a C style memory buffer.
+// vbytes on `&byte` makes a V []u8 structure from a C style memory buffer.
 // NOTE: the data is reused, NOT copied!
 [unsafe]
-pub fn (data &byte) vbytes(len int) []byte {
+pub fn (data &byte) vbytes(len int) []u8 {
 	return unsafe { voidptr(data).vbytes(len) }
 }

vlib/builtin/int.v

@@ -525,9 +525,9 @@ pub fn (c u8) is_capital() bool {
 }
 
 // clone clones the byte array, and returns the newly created copy.
-pub fn (b []u8) clone() []byte {
+pub fn (b []u8) clone() []u8 {
-	mut res := []byte{len: b.len}
+	mut res := []u8{len: b.len}
-	// mut res := make([]byte, {repeat:b.len})
+	// mut res := make([]u8, {repeat:b.len})
 	for i in 0 .. b.len {
 		res[i] = b[i]
 	}

vlib/builtin/js/array.js.v

@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ pub fn (mut a array) delete_last() {
 pub fn (a &array) free() {
 }
 
-// todo: once (a []byte) will work rewrite this
+// todo: once (a []u8) will work rewrite this
 pub fn (a array) bytestr() string {
 	res := ''
 	#for (let i = 0;i < a.arr.len.valueOf();i++) res.str += String.fromCharCode(a.arr.get(new int(i)))
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ pub interface JS.Float64Array {
 	every(JS.EveryFn) JS.Boolean
 }
 
-pub fn uint8_array(arr []byte) JS.Uint8Array {
+pub fn uint8_array(arr []u8) JS.Uint8Array {
 	#let tmp = new Array();
 
 	for elem in arr {

vlib/builtin/js/int.js.v

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ pub fn (x byte) hex() string {
 
 // hex returns a string with the hexadecimal representation
 // of the byte elements of the array.
-pub fn (b []byte) hex() string {
+pub fn (b []u8) hex() string {
 	mut hex := ''
 	for i in b {
 		mut z := i

vlib/builtin/js/string.js.v

@@ -85,13 +85,13 @@ pub fn (s string) split(dot string) []string {
 	return arr
 }
 
-pub fn (s string) bytes() []byte {
+pub fn (s string) bytes() []u8 {
 	sep := ''
 	tmparr := s.str.split(sep.str).map(fn (it JS.Any) JS.Any {
 		return JS.Any(u8(JS.String(it).charCodeAt(JS.Number(0))))
 	})
 	_ := tmparr
-	mut arr := []byte{}
+	mut arr := []u8{}
 	#arr = new array(new array_buffer({arr: tmparr,index_start: new int(0),len: new int(tmparr.length)}))
 
 	return arr
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ pub fn (s string) strip_margin_custom(del byte) string {
 	}
 	// don't know how much space the resulting string will be, but the max it
 	// can be is this big
-	mut ret := []byte{}
+	mut ret := []u8{}
 	#ret = new array()
 
 	mut count := 0

vlib/builtin/linux_bare/old/linuxsys_bare.v

@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ pub fn sys_dup2(oldfd int, newfd int) (i64, Errno) {
 }
 
 // 59  sys_execve  const char *filename  const char *const argv[]  const char *const envp[]
-// pub fn sys_execve(filename byteptr, argv []byteptr, envp []byteptr) int {
+// pub fn sys_execve(filename byteptr, argv []u8ptr, envp []u8ptr) int {
 //  return sys_call3(59, filename, argv, envp)
 //}
 

vlib/builtin/string_charptr_byteptr_helpers.v

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ module builtin
 
 // Note: this file will be removed soon
 
-// byteptr.vbytes() - makes a V []byte structure from a C style memory buffer. Note: the data is reused, NOT copied!
+// byteptr.vbytes() - makes a V []u8 structure from a C style memory buffer. Note: the data is reused, NOT copied!
 [unsafe]
-pub fn (data byteptr) vbytes(len int) []byte {
+pub fn (data byteptr) vbytes(len int) []u8 {
 	return unsafe { voidptr(data).vbytes(len) }
 }
 

vlib/compress/zlib/zlib.v

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ fn C.tinfl_decompress_mem_to_heap(source_buf voidptr, source_buf_len usize, out_
 // compresses an array of bytes using zlib and returns the compressed bytes in a new array
 // Example: compressed := zlib.compress(b) ?
 [manualfree]
-pub fn compress(data []byte) ?[]byte {
+pub fn compress(data []u8) ?[]u8 {
 	if u64(data.len) > zlib.max_size {
 		return error('data too large ($data.len > $zlib.max_size)')
 	}
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ pub fn compress(data []byte) ?[]byte {
 // decompresses an array of bytes using zlib and returns the decompressed bytes in a new array
 // Example: decompressed := zlib.decompress(b) ?
 [manualfree]
-pub fn decompress(data []byte) ?[]byte {
+pub fn decompress(data []u8) ?[]u8 {
 	mut out_len := usize(0)
 
 	// flags = TINFL_FLAG_PARSE_ZLIB_HEADER (0x1)

vlib/crypto/aes/aes.v

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ mut:
 // The key argument should be the AES key,
 // either 16, 24, or 32 bytes to select
 // AES-128, AES-192, or AES-256.
-pub fn new_cipher(key []byte) cipher.Block {
+pub fn new_cipher(key []u8) cipher.Block {
 	k := key.len
 	match k {
 		16, 24, 32 {
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pub fn (c &AesCipher) block_size() int {
 // NOTE: `dst` and `src` are both mutable for performance reasons.
 // NOTE: `dst` and `src` must both be pre-allocated to the correct length.
 // NOTE: `dst` and `src` may be the same (overlapping entirely).
-pub fn (c &AesCipher) encrypt(mut dst []byte, src []byte) {
+pub fn (c &AesCipher) encrypt(mut dst []u8, src []u8) {
 	if src.len < aes.block_size {
 		panic('crypto.aes: input not full block')
 	}
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ pub fn (c &AesCipher) encrypt(mut dst []byte, src []byte) {
 // NOTE: `dst` and `src` are both mutable for performance reasons.
 // NOTE: `dst` and `src` must both be pre-allocated to the correct length.
 // NOTE: `dst` and `src` may be the same (overlapping entirely).
-pub fn (c &AesCipher) decrypt(mut dst []byte, src []byte) {
+pub fn (c &AesCipher) decrypt(mut dst []u8, src []u8) {
 	if src.len < aes.block_size {
 		panic('crypto.aes: input not full block')
 	}

vlib/crypto/aes/block_generic.v

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ module aes
 import encoding.binary
 
 // Encrypt one block from src into dst, using the expanded key xk.
-fn encrypt_block_generic(xk []u32, mut dst []byte, src []byte) {
+fn encrypt_block_generic(xk []u32, mut dst []u8, src []u8) {
 	_ = src[15] // early bounds check
 	mut s0 := binary.big_endian_u32(src[..4])
 	mut s1 := binary.big_endian_u32(src[4..8])
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ fn encrypt_block_generic(xk []u32, mut dst []byte, src []byte) {
 }
 
 // Decrypt one block from src into dst, using the expanded key xk.
-fn decrypt_block_generic(xk []u32, mut dst []byte, src []byte) {
+fn decrypt_block_generic(xk []u32, mut dst []u8, src []u8) {
 	_ = src[15] // early bounds check
 	mut s0 := binary.big_endian_u32(src[0..4])
 	mut s1 := binary.big_endian_u32(src[4..8])
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ fn rotw(w u32) u32 {
 
 // Key expansion algorithm. See FIPS-197, Figure 11.
 // Their rcon[i] is our powx[i-1] << 24.
-fn expand_key_generic(key []byte, mut enc []u32, mut dec []u32) {
+fn expand_key_generic(key []u8, mut enc []u32, mut dec []u32) {
 	// Encryption key setup.
 	mut i := 0
 	nk := key.len / 4

vlib/crypto/aes/cypher_generic.v

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import crypto.cipher
 
 // new_cipher_generic creates and returns a new cipher.Block
 // this is the generiv v version, no arch optimisations
-fn new_cipher_generic(key []byte) cipher.Block {
+fn new_cipher_generic(key []u8) cipher.Block {
 	n := key.len + 28
 	mut c := AesCipher{
 		enc: []u32{len: n}

vlib/crypto/bcrypt/bcrypt.v

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ pub const (
 
 pub struct Hashed {
 mut:
-	hash  []byte
+	hash  []u8
-	salt  []byte
+	salt  []u8
 	cost  int
 	major string
 	minor string
@@ -31,14 +31,14 @@ const magic_cipher_data = [u8(0x4f), 0x72, 0x70, 0x68, 0x65, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x42, 0
 	0x6c, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72, 0x53, 0x63, 0x72, 0x79, 0x44, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x62, 0x74]
 
 // generate_from_password return a bcrypt string from Hashed struct.
-pub fn generate_from_password(password []byte, cost int) ?string {
+pub fn generate_from_password(password []u8, cost int) ?string {
 	mut p := new_from_password(password, cost) or { return error('Error: $err') }
 	x := p.hash_u8()
 	return x.bytestr()
 }
 
 // compare_hash_and_password compares a bcrypt hashed password with its possible hashed version.
-pub fn compare_hash_and_password(password []byte, hashed_password []byte) ? {
+pub fn compare_hash_and_password(password []u8, hashed_password []u8) ? {
 	mut p := new_from_hash(hashed_password) or { return error('Error: $err') }
 	p.salt << `=`
 	p.salt << `=`
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ pub fn generate_salt() string {
 }
 
 // new_from_password converting from password to a Hashed struct with bcrypt.
-fn new_from_password(password []byte, cost int) ?&Hashed {
+fn new_from_password(password []u8, cost int) ?&Hashed {
 	mut cost_ := cost
 	if cost < bcrypt.min_cost {
 		cost_ = bcrypt.default_cost
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ fn new_from_password(password []byte, cost int) ?&Hashed {
 }
 
 // new_from_hash converting from hashed data to a Hashed struct.
-fn new_from_hash(hashed_secret []byte) ?&Hashed {
+fn new_from_hash(hashed_secret []u8) ?&Hashed {
 	mut tmp := hashed_secret.clone()
 	if tmp.len < bcrypt.min_hash_size {
 		return error('hash to short')
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ fn new_from_hash(hashed_secret []byte) ?&Hashed {
 }
 
 // bcrypt hashing passwords.
-fn bcrypt(password []byte, cost int, salt []byte) ?[]byte {
+fn bcrypt(password []u8, cost int, salt []u8) ?[]u8 {
-	mut cipher_data := []byte{len: 72 - bcrypt.magic_cipher_data.len, init: 0}
+	mut cipher_data := []u8{len: 72 - bcrypt.magic_cipher_data.len, init: 0}
 	cipher_data << bcrypt.magic_cipher_data
 
 	mut bf := expensive_blowfish_setup(password, u32(cost), salt) or { return err }
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ fn bcrypt(password []byte, cost int, salt []byte) ?[]byte {
 }
 
 // expensive_blowfish_setup generate a Blowfish cipher, given key, cost and salt.
-fn expensive_blowfish_setup(key []byte, cost u32, salt []byte) ?&blowfish.Blowfish {
+fn expensive_blowfish_setup(key []u8, cost u32, salt []u8) ?&blowfish.Blowfish {
 	csalt := base64.decode(salt.bytestr())
 
 	mut bf := blowfish.new_salted_cipher(key, csalt) or { return err }
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@ fn expensive_blowfish_setup(key []byte, cost u32, salt []byte) ?&blowfish.Blowfi
 }
 
 // hash_byte converts the hash value to a byte array.
-fn (mut h Hashed) hash_u8() []byte {
+fn (mut h Hashed) hash_u8() []u8 {
-	mut arr := []byte{len: 65, init: 0}
+	mut arr := []u8{len: 65, init: 0}
 	arr[0] = `$`
 	arr[1] = h.major[0]
 	mut n := 2
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ fn (mut h Hashed) hash_u8() []byte {
 }
 
 // decode_version decode bcrypt version.
-fn (mut h Hashed) decode_version(sbytes []byte) ?int {
+fn (mut h Hashed) decode_version(sbytes []u8) ?int {
 	if sbytes[0] != `$` {
 		return error("bcrypt hashes must start with '$'")
 	}
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ fn (mut h Hashed) decode_version(sbytes []byte) ?int {
 }
 
 // decode_cost extracts the value of cost and returns the next index in the array.
-fn (mut h Hashed) decode_cost(sbytes []byte) ?int {
+fn (mut h Hashed) decode_cost(sbytes []u8) ?int {
 	cost := sbytes[0..2].bytestr().int()
 	check_cost(cost) or { return err }
 	h.cost = cost

vlib/crypto/blowfish/block.v

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 module blowfish
 
 // expand_key performs a key expansion on the given Blowfish cipher.
-pub fn expand_key(key []byte, mut bf Blowfish) {
+pub fn expand_key(key []u8, mut bf Blowfish) {
 	mut j := 0
 	for i := 0; i < 18; i++ {
 		mut d := u32(0)
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ pub fn expand_key(key []byte, mut bf Blowfish) {
 }
 
 // expand_key_with_salt using salt to expand the key.
-pub fn expand_key_with_salt(key []byte, salt []byte, mut bf Blowfish) {
+pub fn expand_key_with_salt(key []u8, salt []u8, mut bf Blowfish) {
 	mut j := 0
 	for i := 0; i < 18; i++ {
 		bf.p[i] ^= get_next_word(key, &j)
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ fn setup_tables(l u32, r u32, mut bf Blowfish) []u32 {
 
 // get_next_word returns the next big-endian u32 value from the byte
 // slice at the given position in a circular manner, updating the position.
-fn get_next_word(b []byte, pos &int) u32 {
+fn get_next_word(b []u8, pos &int) u32 {
 	mut w := u32(0)
 	mut j := 0
 	unsafe {

vlib/crypto/blowfish/blowfish.v

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ pub mut:
 
 // new_cipher creates and returns a new Blowfish cipher.
 // The key argument should be the Blowfish key, from 1 to 56 bytes.
-pub fn new_cipher(key []byte) ?Blowfish {
+pub fn new_cipher(key []u8) ?Blowfish {
 	mut bf := Blowfish{}
 	unsafe { vmemcpy(&bf.p[0], &p[0], int(sizeof(bf.p))) }
 	unsafe { vmemcpy(&bf.s[0], &s[0], int(sizeof(bf.s))) }
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub fn new_cipher(key []byte) ?Blowfish {
 }
 
 // new_salted_cipher returns a new Blowfish cipher that folds a salt into its key schedule.
-pub fn new_salted_cipher(key []byte, salt []byte) ?Blowfish {
+pub fn new_salted_cipher(key []u8, salt []u8) ?Blowfish {
 	if salt.len == 0 {
 		return new_cipher(key)
 	}
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub fn new_salted_cipher(key []byte, salt []byte) ?Blowfish {
 }
 
 // encrypt encrypts the 8-byte buffer src using the key k and stores the result in dst.
-pub fn (mut bf Blowfish) encrypt(mut dst []byte, src []byte) {
+pub fn (mut bf Blowfish) encrypt(mut dst []u8, src []u8) {
 	l := u32(src[0]) << 24 | u32(src[1]) << 16 | u32(src[2]) << 8 | u32(src[3])
 	r := u32(src[4]) << 24 | u32(src[5]) << 16 | u32(src[6]) << 8 | u32(src[7])
 	arr := setup_tables(l, r, mut bf)

vlib/crypto/cipher/aes_cbc_test.v

@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ fn test_aes_cbc() {
 	println('test_aes_cbc ok')
 }
 
-fn aes_cbc_en(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn aes_cbc_en(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := aes.new_cipher(key)
 	mut mode := cipher.new_cbc(block, iv)
 	mode.encrypt_blocks(mut src, src.clone())
 }
 
-fn aes_cbc_de(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn aes_cbc_de(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := aes.new_cipher(key)
 	mut mode := cipher.new_cbc(block, iv)
 	mode.decrypt_blocks(mut src, src.clone())

vlib/crypto/cipher/aes_cfb_test.v

@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ fn test_aes_cfb() {
 	println('test_aes_cfb ok')
 }
 
-fn aes_cfb_en(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn aes_cfb_en(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := aes.new_cipher(key)
 	mut mode := cipher.new_cfb_encrypter(block, iv)
 	mode.xor_key_stream(mut src, src.clone())
 }
 
-fn aes_cfb_de(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn aes_cfb_de(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := aes.new_cipher(key)
 	mut mode := cipher.new_cfb_decrypter(block, iv)
 	mode.xor_key_stream(mut src, src.clone())

vlib/crypto/cipher/aes_ctr_test.v

@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@ fn test_aes_ctr() {
 	println('test_aes_ctr ok')
 }
 
-fn aes_ctr_en(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn aes_ctr_en(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := aes.new_cipher(key)
 	mode := cipher.new_ctr(block, iv)
 	mode.xor_key_stream(mut src, src.clone())
 }
 
-fn aes_ctr_de(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn aes_ctr_de(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := aes.new_cipher(key)
 	mode := cipher.new_ctr(block, iv)
 	mode.xor_key_stream(mut src, src.clone())

vlib/crypto/cipher/aes_ofb_test.v

@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ fn test_aes_ofb() {
 	println('test_aes_ofb ok')
 }
 
-fn aes_ofb_en(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn aes_ofb_en(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := aes.new_cipher(key)
 	mut mode := cipher.new_ofb(block, iv)
 	mode.xor_key_stream(mut src, src.clone())
 }
 
-fn aes_ofb_de(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn aes_ofb_de(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := aes.new_cipher(key)
 	mut mode := cipher.new_ofb(block, iv)
 	mode.xor_key_stream(mut src, src.clone())

vlib/crypto/cipher/cbc.v

@@ -15,24 +15,24 @@ struct Cbc {
 mut:
 	b          Block
 	block_size int
-	iv         []byte
+	iv         []u8
-	tmp        []byte
+	tmp        []u8
 }
 
 // internal
-fn new_des_cbc(b Block, iv []byte) Cbc {
+fn new_des_cbc(b Block, iv []u8) Cbc {
 	return Cbc{
 		b: b
 		block_size: b.block_size
 		iv: iv.clone()
-		tmp: []byte{len: b.block_size}
+		tmp: []u8{len: b.block_size}
 	}
 }
 
 // new_cbc returns a `DesCbc` which encrypts in cipher block chaining
 // mode, using the given Block. The length of iv must be the same as the
 // Block's block size.
-pub fn new_cbc(b Block, iv []byte) Cbc {
+pub fn new_cbc(b Block, iv []u8) Cbc {
 	if iv.len != b.block_size {
 		panic('crypto.cipher.new_cbc_encrypter: IV length must equal block size')
 	}
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ pub fn new_cbc(b Block, iv []byte) Cbc {
 
 // encrypt_blocks encrypts the blocks in `src_` to `dst_`.
 // Please note: `dst_` is mutable for performance reasons.
-pub fn (mut x Cbc) encrypt_blocks(mut dst_ []byte, src_ []byte) {
+pub fn (mut x Cbc) encrypt_blocks(mut dst_ []u8, src_ []u8) {
 	unsafe {
 		mut dst := *dst_
 		mut src := src_
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ pub fn (mut x Cbc) encrypt_blocks(mut dst_ []byte, src_ []byte) {
 
 // decrypt_blocks decrypts the blocks in `src` to `dst`.
 // Please note: `dst` is mutable for performance reasons.
-pub fn (mut x Cbc) decrypt_blocks(mut dst []byte, src []byte) {
+pub fn (mut x Cbc) decrypt_blocks(mut dst []u8, src []u8) {
 	if src.len % x.block_size != 0 {
 		panic('crypto.cipher: input not full blocks')
 	}
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ pub fn (mut x Cbc) decrypt_blocks(mut dst []byte, src []byte) {
 	x.tmp = x.iv
 }
 
-fn (mut x Cbc) set_iv(iv []byte) {
+fn (mut x Cbc) set_iv(iv []u8) {
 	if iv.len != x.iv.len {
 		panic('cipher: incorrect length IV')
 	}

vlib/crypto/cipher/cfb.v

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ import crypto.internal.subtle
 struct Cfb {
 mut:
 	b        Block
-	next     []byte
+	next     []u8
-	out      []byte
+	out      []u8
 	out_used int
 
 	decrypt bool
@@ -23,26 +23,26 @@ mut:
 // new_cfb_encrypter returns a `Cfb` which encrypts with cipher feedback mode,
 // using the given Block. The iv must be the same length as the Block's block
 // size
-pub fn new_cfb_encrypter(b Block, iv []byte) Cfb {
+pub fn new_cfb_encrypter(b Block, iv []u8) Cfb {
 	return new_cfb(b, iv, false)
 }
 
 // new_cfb_decrypter returns a `Cfb` which decrypts with cipher feedback mode,
 // using the given Block. The iv must be the same length as the Block's block
 // size
-pub fn new_cfb_decrypter(b Block, iv []byte) Cfb {
+pub fn new_cfb_decrypter(b Block, iv []u8) Cfb {
 	return new_cfb(b, iv, true)
 }
 
-fn new_cfb(b Block, iv []byte, decrypt bool) Cfb {
+fn new_cfb(b Block, iv []u8, decrypt bool) Cfb {
 	block_size := b.block_size
 	if iv.len != block_size {
 		panic('cipher.new_cfb: IV length must be equal block size')
 	}
 	mut x := Cfb{
 		b: b
-		out: []byte{len: b.block_size}
+		out: []u8{len: b.block_size}
-		next: []byte{len: b.block_size}
+		next: []u8{len: b.block_size}
 		out_used: block_size
 		decrypt: decrypt
 	}
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ fn new_cfb(b Block, iv []byte, decrypt bool) Cfb {
 	return x
 }
 
-pub fn (mut x Cfb) xor_key_stream(mut dst_ []byte, src_ []byte) {
+pub fn (mut x Cfb) xor_key_stream(mut dst_ []u8, src_ []u8) {
 	unsafe {
 		mut dst := *dst_
 		mut src := src_

vlib/crypto/cipher/cipher.v

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ module cipher
 // extend that capability to streams of blocks.
 interface Block {
 	block_size int // block_size returns the cipher's block size.
-	encrypt(mut dst []byte, src []byte) // Encrypt encrypts the first block in src into dst.
+	encrypt(mut dst []u8, src []u8) // Encrypt encrypts the first block in src into dst.
 	// Dst and src must overlap entirely or not at all.
-	decrypt(mut dst []byte, src []byte) // Decrypt decrypts the first block in src into dst.
+	decrypt(mut dst []u8, src []u8) // Decrypt decrypts the first block in src into dst.
 	// Dst and src must overlap entirely or not at all.
 }
 
@@ -26,14 +26,14 @@ interface Stream {
 	// Multiple calls to xor_key_stream behave as if the concatenation of
 	// the src buffers was passed in a single run. That is, Stream
 	// maintains state and does not reset at each xor_key_stream call.
-	xor_key_stream(mut dst []byte, src []byte)
+	xor_key_stream(mut dst []u8, src []u8)
 }
 
 // A BlockMode represents a block cipher running in a block-based mode (CBC,
 // ECB etc).
 interface BlockMode {
 	block_size int // block_size returns the mode's block size.
-	crypt_blocks(mut dst []byte, src []byte) // crypt_blocks encrypts or decrypts a number of blocks. The length of
+	crypt_blocks(mut dst []u8, src []u8) // crypt_blocks encrypts or decrypts a number of blocks. The length of
 	// src must be a multiple of the block size. Dst and src must overlap
 	// entirely or not at all.
 	//
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ interface BlockMode {
 
 // Utility routines
 
-// fn dup(p []byte) []byte {
+// fn dup(p []u8) []u8 {
-// 	q := make([]byte, p.len)
+// 	q := make([]u8, p.len)
 // 	copy(mut q, p)
 // 	return q
 // }

vlib/crypto/cipher/ctr.v

@@ -16,27 +16,27 @@ import crypto.internal.subtle
 struct Ctr {
 mut:
 	b        Block
-	next     []byte
+	next     []u8
-	out      []byte
+	out      []u8
 	out_used int
 }
 
 // new_ctr returns a Ctr which encrypts/decrypts using the given Block in
 // counter mode. The length of iv must be the same as the Block's block size.
-pub fn new_ctr(b Block, iv []byte) Ctr {
+pub fn new_ctr(b Block, iv []u8) Ctr {
 	block_size := b.block_size
 	if iv.len != block_size {
 		panic('cipher.new_cfb: IV length must be equal block size')
 	}
 	return Ctr{
 		b: b
-		out: []byte{len: b.block_size}
+		out: []u8{len: b.block_size}
 		next: iv.clone()
 		out_used: block_size
 	}
 }
 
-pub fn (x &Ctr) xor_key_stream(mut dst_ []byte, src_ []byte) {
+pub fn (x &Ctr) xor_key_stream(mut dst_ []u8, src_ []u8) {
 	unsafe {
 		mut dst := *dst_
 		mut src := src_

vlib/crypto/cipher/des_cbc_test.v

@@ -29,25 +29,25 @@ fn test_des_cbc() {
 	println('test_des_cbc ok')
 }
 
-fn des_cbc_en(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn des_cbc_en(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_cipher(key)
 	mut mode := cipher.new_cbc(block, iv)
 	mode.encrypt_blocks(mut src, src.clone())
 }
 
-fn des_cbc_de(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn des_cbc_de(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_cipher(key)
 	mut mode := cipher.new_cbc(block, iv)
 	mode.decrypt_blocks(mut src, src.clone())
 }
 
-fn triple_des_cbc_en(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn triple_des_cbc_en(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_triple_des_cipher(key)
 	mut mode := cipher.new_cbc(block, iv)
 	mode.encrypt_blocks(mut src, src.clone())
 }
 
-fn triple_des_cbc_de(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn triple_des_cbc_de(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_triple_des_cipher(key)
 	mut mode := cipher.new_cbc(block, iv)
 	mode.decrypt_blocks(mut src, src.clone())

vlib/crypto/cipher/des_cfb_test.v

@@ -29,25 +29,25 @@ fn test_des_cfb() {
 	println('test_des_cfb ok')
 }
 
-fn des_cfb_en(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn des_cfb_en(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_cipher(key)
 	mut mode := cipher.new_cfb_encrypter(block, iv)
 	mode.xor_key_stream(mut src, src.clone())
 }
 
-fn des_cfb_de(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn des_cfb_de(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_cipher(key)
 	mut mode := cipher.new_cfb_decrypter(block, iv)
 	mode.xor_key_stream(mut src, src.clone())
 }
 
-fn triple_des_cfb_en(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn triple_des_cfb_en(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_triple_des_cipher(key)
 	mut mode := cipher.new_cfb_encrypter(block, iv)
 	mode.xor_key_stream(mut src, src.clone())
 }
 
-fn triple_des_cfb_de(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn triple_des_cfb_de(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_triple_des_cipher(key)
 	mut mode := cipher.new_cfb_decrypter(block, iv)
 	mode.xor_key_stream(mut src, src.clone())

vlib/crypto/cipher/des_ctr_test.v

@@ -29,25 +29,25 @@ fn test_des_ctr() {
 	println('test_des_ctr ok')
 }
 
-fn des_ctr_en(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn des_ctr_en(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_cipher(key)
 	mode := cipher.new_ctr(block, iv)
 	mode.xor_key_stream(mut src, src.clone())
 }
 
-fn des_ctr_de(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn des_ctr_de(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_cipher(key)
 	mode := cipher.new_ctr(block, iv)
 	mode.xor_key_stream(mut src, src.clone())
 }
 
-fn triple_des_ctr_en(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn triple_des_ctr_en(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_triple_des_cipher(key)
 	mode := cipher.new_ctr(block, iv)
 	mode.xor_key_stream(mut src, src.clone())
 }
 
-fn triple_des_ctr_de(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn triple_des_ctr_de(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_triple_des_cipher(key)
 	mode := cipher.new_ctr(block, iv)
 	mode.xor_key_stream(mut src, src.clone())

vlib/crypto/cipher/des_ofb_test.v

@@ -29,25 +29,25 @@ fn test_des_ofb() {
 	println('test_des_ofb ok')
 }
 
-fn des_ofb_en(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn des_ofb_en(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_cipher(key)
 	mut mode := cipher.new_ofb(block, iv)
 	mode.xor_key_stream(mut src, src.clone())
 }
 
-fn des_ofb_de(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn des_ofb_de(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_cipher(key)
 	mut mode := cipher.new_ofb(block, iv)
 	mode.xor_key_stream(mut src, src.clone())
 }
 
-fn triple_des_ofb_en(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn triple_des_ofb_en(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_triple_des_cipher(key)
 	mut mode := cipher.new_ofb(block, iv)
 	mode.xor_key_stream(mut src, src.clone())
 }
 
-fn triple_des_ofb_de(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn triple_des_ofb_de(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_triple_des_cipher(key)
 	mut mode := cipher.new_ofb(block, iv)
 	mode.xor_key_stream(mut src, src.clone())

vlib/crypto/cipher/ofb.v

@@ -12,30 +12,30 @@ import crypto.internal.subtle
 struct Ofb {
 mut:
 	b        Block
-	next     []byte
+	next     []u8
-	out      []byte
+	out      []u8
 	out_used int
 }
 
 // new_ofb returns a Ofb that encrypts or decrypts using the block cipher b
 // in output feedback mode. The initialization vector iv's length must be equal
 // to b's block size.
-pub fn new_ofb(b Block, iv []byte) Ofb {
+pub fn new_ofb(b Block, iv []u8) Ofb {
 	block_size := b.block_size
 	if iv.len != block_size {
 		panic('cipher.new_ofb: IV length must be equal block size')
 	}
 	mut x := Ofb{
 		b: b
-		out: []byte{len: b.block_size}
+		out: []u8{len: b.block_size}
-		next: []byte{len: b.block_size}
+		next: []u8{len: b.block_size}
 		out_used: block_size
 	}
 	copy(mut x.next, iv)
 	return x
 }
 
-pub fn (mut x Ofb) xor_key_stream(mut dst_ []byte, src_ []byte) {
+pub fn (mut x Ofb) xor_key_stream(mut dst_ []u8, src_ []u8) {
 	unsafe {
 		mut dst := *dst_
 		mut src := src_

vlib/crypto/cipher/xor_generic.v

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ module cipher
 // NOTE: Implement other versions (joe-c)
 // xor_bytes xors the bytes in a and b. The destination should have enough
 // space, otherwise xor_bytes will panic. Returns the number of bytes xor'd.
-pub fn xor_bytes(mut dst []byte, a []byte, b []byte) int {
+pub fn xor_bytes(mut dst []u8, a []u8, b []u8) int {
 	mut n := a.len
 	if b.len < n {
 		n = b.len
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pub fn xor_bytes(mut dst []byte, a []byte, b []byte) int {
 
 // safe_xor_bytes XORs the bytes in `a` and `b` into `dst` it does so `n` times.
 // Please note: `n` needs to be smaller or equal than the length of `a` and `b`.
-pub fn safe_xor_bytes(mut dst []byte, a []byte, b []byte, n int) {
+pub fn safe_xor_bytes(mut dst []u8, a []u8, b []u8, n int) {
 	for i in 0 .. n {
 		dst[i] = a[i] ^ b[i]
 	}
@@ -28,6 +28,6 @@ pub fn safe_xor_bytes(mut dst []byte, a []byte, b []byte, n int) {
 
 // xor_words XORs multiples of 4 or 8 bytes (depending on architecture.)
 // The slice arguments `a` and `b` are assumed to be of equal length.
-pub fn xor_words(mut dst []byte, a []byte, b []byte) {
+pub fn xor_words(mut dst []u8, a []u8, b []u8) {
 	safe_xor_bytes(mut dst, a, b, b.len)
 }

vlib/crypto/des/block.v

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ fn feistel(ll u32, rr u32, k0 u64, k1 u64) (u32, u32) {
 	return l, r
 }
 
-fn crypt_block(subkeys []u64, mut dst []byte, src []byte, decrypt bool) {
+fn crypt_block(subkeys []u64, mut dst []u8, src []u8, decrypt bool) {
 	mut b := binary.big_endian_u64(src)
 	b = permute_initial_block(b)
 
@@ -51,17 +51,17 @@ fn crypt_block(subkeys []u64, mut dst []byte, src []byte, decrypt bool) {
 }
 
 // Encrypt one block from src into dst, using the subkeys.
-pub fn encrypt_block(subkeys []u64, mut dst []byte, src []byte) {
+pub fn encrypt_block(subkeys []u64, mut dst []u8, src []u8) {
 	crypt_block(subkeys, mut dst, src, false)
 }
 
 // Decrypt one block from src into dst, using the subkeys.
-fn decrypt_block(subkeys []u64, mut dst []byte, src []byte) {
+fn decrypt_block(subkeys []u64, mut dst []u8, src []u8) {
 	crypt_block(subkeys, mut dst, src, true)
 }
 
 // general purpose function to perform DES block permutations
-fn permute_block(src u64, permutation []byte) u64 {
+fn permute_block(src u64, permutation []u8) u64 {
 	mut block := u64(0)
 	for position, n in permutation {
 		bit := (src >> u64(u8(n))) & 1

vlib/crypto/des/des.v

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ mut:
 }
 
 // NewCipher creates and returns a new cipher.Block.
-pub fn new_cipher(key []byte) cipher.Block {
+pub fn new_cipher(key []u8) cipher.Block {
 	if key.len != 8 {
 		panic('crypto.aes: invalid key size')
 	}
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub fn new_cipher(key []byte) cipher.Block {
 }
 
 // creates 16 56-bit subkeys from the original key
-fn (mut c DesCipher) generate_subkeys(key_bytes []byte) {
+fn (mut c DesCipher) generate_subkeys(key_bytes []u8) {
 	// feistel_box_once.do(initFeistel_box)
 
 	// apply PC1 permutation to key
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ fn (mut c DesCipher) generate_subkeys(key_bytes []byte) {
 	}
 }
 
-pub fn (c &DesCipher) encrypt(mut dst []byte, src []byte) {
+pub fn (c &DesCipher) encrypt(mut dst []u8, src []u8) {
 	if src.len < des.block_size {
 		panic('crypto/des: input not full block')
 	}
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub fn (c &DesCipher) encrypt(mut dst []byte, src []byte) {
 	encrypt_block(c.subkeys[..], mut dst, src)
 }
 
-pub fn (c &DesCipher) decrypt(mut dst []byte, src []byte) {
+pub fn (c &DesCipher) decrypt(mut dst []u8, src []u8) {
 	if src.len < des.block_size {
 		panic('crypto/des: input not full block')
 	}
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ pub fn (c &DesCipher) decrypt(mut dst []byte, src []byte) {
 }
 
 // NewTripleDesCipher creates and returns a new cipher.Block.
-pub fn new_triple_des_cipher(key []byte) cipher.Block {
+pub fn new_triple_des_cipher(key []u8) cipher.Block {
 	if key.len != 24 {
 		panic('crypto.des: invalid key size')
 	}
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ pub fn new_triple_des_cipher(key []byte) cipher.Block {
 	return c
 }
 
-pub fn (c &TripleDesCipher) encrypt(mut dst []byte, src []byte) {
+pub fn (c &TripleDesCipher) encrypt(mut dst []u8, src []u8) {
 	if src.len < des.block_size {
 		panic('crypto/des: input not full block')
 	}
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ pub fn (c &TripleDesCipher) encrypt(mut dst []byte, src []byte) {
 	binary.big_endian_put_u64(mut dst, permute_final_block(pre_output))
 }
 
-pub fn (c &TripleDesCipher) decrypt(mut dst []byte, src []byte) {
+pub fn (c &TripleDesCipher) decrypt(mut dst []u8, src []u8) {
 	if src.len < des.block_size {
 		panic('crypto/des: input not full block')
 	}

vlib/crypto/des/des_test.v

@@ -29,22 +29,22 @@ fn test_des() {
 	println('test_des ok')
 }
 
-fn des_en(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn des_en(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_cipher(key)
 	block.encrypt(mut src, src.clone())
 }
 
-fn des_de(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn des_de(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_cipher(key)
 	block.decrypt(mut src, src.clone())
 }
 
-fn triple_des_en(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn triple_des_en(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_triple_des_cipher(key)
 	block.encrypt(mut src, src.clone())
 }
 
-fn triple_des_de(mut src []byte, key []byte, iv []byte) {
+fn triple_des_de(mut src []u8, key []u8, iv []u8) {
 	block := des.new_triple_des_cipher(key)
 	inbuf := src.clone()
 	block.decrypt(mut src, inbuf)

vlib/crypto/ed25519/ed25519.v

@@ -18,39 +18,39 @@ pub const signature_size = 64
 pub const seed_size = 32
 
 // `PublicKey` is Ed25519 public keys.
-pub type PublicKey = []byte
+pub type PublicKey = []u8
 
 // equal reports whether p and x have the same value.
-pub fn (p PublicKey) equal(x []byte) bool {
+pub fn (p PublicKey) equal(x []u8) bool {
 	return subtle.constant_time_compare(p, PublicKey(x)) == 1
 }
 
 // PrivateKey is Ed25519 private keys
-pub type PrivateKey = []byte
+pub type PrivateKey = []u8
 
 // seed returns the private key seed corresponding to priv.
 // RFC 8032's private keys correspond to seeds in this module.
-pub fn (priv PrivateKey) seed() []byte {
+pub fn (priv PrivateKey) seed() []u8 {
-	mut seed := []byte{len: ed25519.seed_size}
+	mut seed := []u8{len: ed25519.seed_size}
 	copy(mut seed, priv[..32])
 	return seed
 }
 
-// public_key returns the []byte corresponding to priv.
+// public_key returns the []u8 corresponding to priv.
 pub fn (priv PrivateKey) public_key() PublicKey {
 	assert priv.len == ed25519.private_key_size
-	mut publickey := []byte{len: ed25519.public_key_size}
+	mut publickey := []u8{len: ed25519.public_key_size}
 	copy(mut publickey, priv[32..])
 	return PublicKey(publickey)
 }
 
 // currentyly x not `crypto.PrivateKey`
-pub fn (priv PrivateKey) equal(x []byte) bool {
+pub fn (priv PrivateKey) equal(x []u8) bool {
 	return subtle.constant_time_compare(priv, PrivateKey(x)) == 1
 }
 
 // sign signs the given message with priv.
-pub fn (priv PrivateKey) sign(message []byte) ?[]byte {
+pub fn (priv PrivateKey) sign(message []u8) ?[]u8 {
 	/*
 	if opts.HashFunc() != crypto.Hash(0) {
 		return nil, errors.New("ed25519: cannot sign hashed message")
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ pub fn (priv PrivateKey) sign(message []byte) ?[]byte {
 }
 
 // sign`signs the message with privatekey and returns a signature
-pub fn sign(privatekey PrivateKey, message []byte) ?[]byte {
+pub fn sign(privatekey PrivateKey, message []u8) ?[]u8 {
-	mut signature := []byte{len: ed25519.signature_size}
+	mut signature := []u8{len: ed25519.signature_size}
 	sign_generic(mut signature, privatekey, message) ?
 	return signature
 }
 
-fn sign_generic(mut signature []byte, privatekey []byte, message []byte) ? {
+fn sign_generic(mut signature []u8, privatekey []u8, message []u8) ? {
 	if privatekey.len != ed25519.private_key_size {
 		panic('ed25519: bad private key length: $privatekey.len')
 	}
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ fn sign_generic(mut signature []byte, privatekey []byte, message []byte) ? {
 	mh.write(prefix) ?
 	mh.write(message) ?
 
-	mut msg_digest := []byte{cap: sha512.size}
+	mut msg_digest := []u8{cap: sha512.size}
 	msg_digest = mh.sum(msg_digest)
 
 	mut r := edwards25519.new_scalar()
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ fn sign_generic(mut signature []byte, privatekey []byte, message []byte) ? {
 	kh.write(publickey) ?
 	kh.write(message) ?
 
-	mut hram_digest := []byte{cap: sha512.size}
+	mut hram_digest := []u8{cap: sha512.size}
 	hram_digest = kh.sum(hram_digest)
 	mut k := edwards25519.new_scalar()
 	k.set_uniform_bytes(hram_digest) ?
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ fn sign_generic(mut signature []byte, privatekey []byte, message []byte) ? {
 }
 
 // verify reports whether sig is a valid signature of message by publickey.
-pub fn verify(publickey PublicKey, message []byte, sig []byte) ?bool {
+pub fn verify(publickey PublicKey, message []u8, sig []u8) ?bool {
 	if publickey.len != ed25519.public_key_size {
 		return error('ed25519: bad public key length: $publickey.len')
 	}
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ pub fn verify(publickey PublicKey, message []byte, sig []byte) ?bool {
 	kh.write(publickey) ?
 	kh.write(message) ?
 
-	mut hram_digest := []byte{cap: sha512.size}
+	mut hram_digest := []u8{cap: sha512.size}
 	hram_digest = kh.sum(hram_digest)
 
 	mut k := edwards25519.new_scalar()
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ pub fn generate_key() ?(PublicKey, PrivateKey) {
 	mut seed := rand.bytes(ed25519.seed_size) ?
 
 	privatekey := new_key_from_seed(seed)
-	mut publickey := []byte{len: ed25519.public_key_size}
+	mut publickey := []u8{len: ed25519.public_key_size}
 	copy(mut publickey, privatekey[32..])
 
 	return publickey, privatekey
@@ -156,14 +156,14 @@ pub fn generate_key() ?(PublicKey, PrivateKey) {
 
 // new_key_from_seed calculates a private key from a seed. private keys of RFC 8032
 // correspond to seeds in this module
-pub fn new_key_from_seed(seed []byte) PrivateKey {
+pub fn new_key_from_seed(seed []u8) PrivateKey {
 	// Outline the function body so that the returned key can be stack-allocated.
-	mut privatekey := []byte{len: ed25519.private_key_size}
+	mut privatekey := []u8{len: ed25519.private_key_size}
 	new_key_from_seed_generic(mut privatekey, seed)
 	return PrivateKey(privatekey)
 }
 
-fn new_key_from_seed_generic(mut privatekey []byte, seed []byte) {
+fn new_key_from_seed_generic(mut privatekey []u8, seed []u8) {
 	if seed.len != ed25519.seed_size {
 		panic('ed25519: bad seed length: $seed.len')
 	}

vlib/crypto/ed25519/internal/ed25519_test.v

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ const contents = os.read_lines(os.join_path(testdata, 'sign.input')) or { panic(
 /*
 struct ZeroReader {}
 
-fn (z ZeroReader) read(mut buf []byte) ?int {
+fn (z ZeroReader) read(mut buf []u8) ?int {
 	for i, _ in buf {
 		buf[i] = 0
 	}
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ fn works_check_on_sign_input_string(item string) bool {
 	// assert pubkey.len == public_key_size
 
 	sig = sig[..ed25519.signature_size]
-	mut priv := []byte{len: ed25519.private_key_size}
+	mut priv := []u8{len: ed25519.private_key_size}
 	copy(mut priv[..], privbytes)
 	copy(mut priv[32..], pubkey)
 
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ fn test_input_from_djb_ed25519_crypto_sign_input_without_syncpool() ? {
 		assert pubkey.len == public_key_size
 
 		sig = sig[..signature_size]
-		mut priv := []byte{len: ed25519.private_key_size}
+		mut priv := []u8{len: ed25519.private_key_size}
 		copy(mut priv[..], privbytes)
 		copy(mut priv[32..], pubkey)
 

vlib/crypto/ed25519/internal/edwards25519/element.v

@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ pub fn (mut v Element) set(a Element) Element {
 // Consistent with RFC 7748, the most significant bit (the high bit of the
 // last byte) is ignored, and non-canonical values (2^255-19 through 2^255-1)
 // are accepted. Note that this is laxer than specified by RFC 8032.
-pub fn (mut v Element) set_bytes(x []byte) ?Element {
+pub fn (mut v Element) set_bytes(x []u8) ?Element {
 	if x.len != 32 {
 		return error('edwards25519: invalid edwards25519 element input size')
 	}
@@ -650,19 +650,19 @@ pub fn (mut v Element) set_bytes(x []byte) ?Element {
 }
 
 // bytes returns the canonical 32-byte little-endian encoding of v.
-pub fn (mut v Element) bytes() []byte {
+pub fn (mut v Element) bytes() []u8 {
 	// This function is outlined to make the allocations inline in the caller
 	// rather than happen on the heap.
 	// out := v.bytes_generic()
 	return v.bytes_generic()
 }
 
-fn (mut v Element) bytes_generic() []byte {
+fn (mut v Element) bytes_generic() []u8 {
-	mut out := []byte{len: 32}
+	mut out := []u8{len: 32}
 
 	v = v.reduce()
 
-	mut buf := []byte{len: 8}
+	mut buf := []u8{len: 8}
 	idxs := [v.l0, v.l1, v.l2, v.l3, v.l4]
 	for i, l in idxs {
 		bits_offset := i * 51
@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ pub fn (mut v Element) mult_32(x Element, y u32) Element {
 	return v
 }
 
-fn swap_endianness(mut buf []byte) []byte {
+fn swap_endianness(mut buf []u8) []u8 {
 	for i := 0; i < buf.len / 2; i++ {
 		buf[i], buf[buf.len - i - 1] = buf[buf.len - i - 1], buf[i]
 	}

vlib/crypto/ed25519/internal/edwards25519/element_test.v

@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ fn test_set_bytes_reduced() {
 struct FeRTTest {
 mut:
 	fe Element
-	b  []byte
+	b  []u8
 }
 
 fn test_set_bytes_from_dalek_test_vectors() ? {
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ fn test_bytes_big_equivalence() ? {
 
 	assert fe == fe1
 
-	mut buf := []byte{len: 32} // pad with zeroes
+	mut buf := []u8{len: 32} // pad with zeroes
 	fedtobig := fe1.to_big_integer()
 	mut fedbig_bytes, _ := fedtobig.bytes()
 	copy(mut buf, fedbig_bytes) // does not need to do swap_endianness

vlib/crypto/ed25519/internal/edwards25519/extra.v

@@ -86,14 +86,14 @@ fn is_on_curve(x Element, y Element, z Element, t Element) bool {
 // Note that bytes_montgomery only encodes the u-coordinate, so v and -v encode
 // to the same value. If v is the identity point, bytes_montgomery returns 32
 // zero bytes, analogously to the X25519 function.
-pub fn (mut v Point) bytes_montgomery() []byte {
+pub fn (mut v Point) bytes_montgomery() []u8 {
 	// This function is outlined to make the allocations inline in the caller
 	// rather than happen on the heap.
 	mut buf := [32]byte{}
 	return v.bytes_montgomery_generic(mut buf)
 }
 
-fn (mut v Point) bytes_montgomery_generic(mut buf [32]byte) []byte {
+fn (mut v Point) bytes_montgomery_generic(mut buf [32]byte) []u8 {
 	check_initialized(v)
 
 	// RFC 7748, Section 4.1 provides the bilinear map to calculate the

vlib/crypto/ed25519/internal/edwards25519/extra_test.v

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ const (
 	loworder_bytes  = hex.decode(loworder_string) or { panic(err) }
 )
 
-fn fn_cofactor(mut data []byte) bool {
+fn fn_cofactor(mut data []u8) bool {
 	if data.len != 64 {
 		panic('data.len should be 64')
 	}

vlib/crypto/ed25519/internal/edwards25519/point.v

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ fn (mut v ProjectiveP2) zero() ProjectiveP2 {
 // Note that set_bytes accepts all non-canonical encodings of valid points.
 // That is, it follows decoding rules that match most implementations in
 // the ecosystem rather than RFC 8032.
-pub fn (mut v Point) set_bytes(x []byte) ?Point {
+pub fn (mut v Point) set_bytes(x []u8) ?Point {
 	// Specifically, the non-canonical encodings that are accepted are
 	//   1) the ones where the edwards25519 element is not reduced (see the
 	//      (*edwards25519.Element).set_bytes docs) and
@@ -201,14 +201,14 @@ fn (mut v AffineCached) zero() AffineCached {
 
 // bytes returns the canonical 32-byte encoding of v, according to RFC 8032,
 // Section 5.1.2.
-pub fn (mut v Point) bytes() []byte {
+pub fn (mut v Point) bytes() []u8 {
 	// This function is outlined to make the allocations inline in the caller
 	// rather than happen on the heap.
 	mut buf := [32]byte{}
 	return v.bytes_generic(mut buf)
 }
 
-fn (mut v Point) bytes_generic(mut buf [32]byte) []byte {
+fn (mut v Point) bytes_generic(mut buf [32]byte) []u8 {
 	check_initialized(v)
 
 	mut zinv := Element{}
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ fn (mut v Point) bytes_generic(mut buf [32]byte) []byte {
 	return out
 }
 
-fn copy_field_element(mut buf [32]byte, mut v Element) []byte {
+fn copy_field_element(mut buf [32]byte, mut v Element) []u8 {
 	// this fail in test
 	/*
 	copy(mut buf[..], v.bytes())
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ fn copy_field_element(mut buf [32]byte, mut v Element) []byte {
 	*/
 
 	// this pass the test
-	mut out := []byte{len: 32}
+	mut out := []u8{len: 32}
 	for i := 0; i <= buf.len - 1; i++ {
 		out[i] = v.bytes()[i]
 	}

vlib/crypto/ed25519/internal/edwards25519/scalar.v

@@ -86,11 +86,11 @@ pub fn (mut s Scalar) set(x Scalar) Scalar {
 // set_uniform_bytes sets s to an uniformly distributed value given 64 uniformly
 // distributed random bytes. If x is not of the right length, set_uniform_bytes
 // returns an error, and the receiver is unchanged.
-pub fn (mut s Scalar) set_uniform_bytes(x []byte) ?Scalar {
+pub fn (mut s Scalar) set_uniform_bytes(x []u8) ?Scalar {
 	if x.len != 64 {
 		return error('edwards25519: invalid set_uniform_bytes input length')
 	}
-	mut wide_bytes := []byte{len: 64}
+	mut wide_bytes := []u8{len: 64}
 	copy(mut wide_bytes, x)
 	// for i, item in x {
 	//	wide_bytes[i] = item
@@ -102,11 +102,11 @@ pub fn (mut s Scalar) set_uniform_bytes(x []byte) ?Scalar {
 // set_canonical_bytes sets s = x, where x is a 32-byte little-endian encoding of
 // s, and returns s. If x is not a canonical encoding of s, set_canonical_bytes
 // returns an error, and the receiver is unchanged.
-pub fn (mut s Scalar) set_canonical_bytes(x []byte) ?Scalar {
+pub fn (mut s Scalar) set_canonical_bytes(x []u8) ?Scalar {
 	if x.len != 32 {
 		return error('invalid scalar length')
 	}
-	// mut bb := []byte{len:32}
+	// mut bb := []u8{len:32}
 	mut ss := Scalar{}
 	for i, item in x {
 		ss.s[i] = item
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ fn is_reduced(s Scalar) bool {
 // expected as long as it is applied to points on the prime order subgroup, like
 // in Ed25519. In fact, it is lost to history why RFC 8032 adopted the
 // irrelevant RFC 7748 clamping, but it is now required for compatibility.
-pub fn (mut s Scalar) set_bytes_with_clamping(x []byte) ?Scalar {
+pub fn (mut s Scalar) set_bytes_with_clamping(x []u8) ?Scalar {
 	// The description above omits the purpose of the high bits of the clamping
 	// for brevity, but those are also lost to reductions, and are also
 	// irrelevant to edwards25519 as they protect against a specific
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ pub fn (mut s Scalar) set_bytes_with_clamping(x []byte) ?Scalar {
 		return error('edwards25519: invalid set_bytes_with_clamping input length')
 	}
 
-	mut wide_bytes := []byte{len: 64, cap: 64}
+	mut wide_bytes := []u8{len: 64, cap: 64}
 	copy(mut wide_bytes, x)
 	// for i, item in x {
 	//	wide_bytes[i] = item
@@ -174,8 +174,8 @@ pub fn (mut s Scalar) set_bytes_with_clamping(x []byte) ?Scalar {
 }
 
 // bytes returns the canonical 32-byte little-endian encoding of s.
-pub fn (mut s Scalar) bytes() []byte {
+pub fn (mut s Scalar) bytes() []u8 {
-	mut buf := []byte{len: 32}
+	mut buf := []u8{len: 32}
 	copy(mut buf, s.s[..])
 	return buf
 }
@@ -187,14 +187,14 @@ pub fn (s Scalar) equal(t Scalar) int {
 
 // sc_mul_add and sc_reduce are ported from the public domain, “ref10”
 // implementation of ed25519 from SUPERCOP.
-fn load3(inp []byte) i64 {
+fn load3(inp []u8) i64 {
 	mut r := i64(inp[0])
 	r |= i64(inp[1]) * 256 // << 8
 	r |= i64(inp[2]) * 65536 // << 16
 	return r
 }
 
-fn load4(inp []byte) i64 {
+fn load4(inp []u8) i64 {
 	mut r := i64(inp[0])
 	r |= i64(inp[1]) * 256
 	r |= i64(inp[2]) * 65536
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ fn sc_mul_add(mut s [32]byte, a [32]byte, b [32]byte, c [32]byte) {
 // Output:
 //   s[0]+256*s[1]+...+256^31*s[31] = s mod l
 //   where l = 2^252 + 27742317777372353535851937790883648493.
-fn sc_reduce(mut out [32]byte, mut s []byte) {
+fn sc_reduce(mut out [32]byte, mut s []u8) {
 	assert out.len == 32
 	assert s.len == 64
 	mut s0 := 2097151 & load3(s[..])

vlib/crypto/ed25519/internal/edwards25519/scalar_test.v

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ fn test_scalar_set_uniform_bytes() ? {
 	assert m.abs_cmp(scbig) == 0 // NEED FIX
 }
 
-fn bigint_from_le_bytes(b []byte) big.Integer {
+fn bigint_from_le_bytes(b []u8) big.Integer {
 	mut bc := b.clone()
 	buf := swap_endianness(mut bc) // WITHOUT THIS, some test would fail
 	bg := big.integer_from_bytes(buf)

vlib/crypto/hmac/hmac.v

@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ module hmac
 import crypto.internal.subtle
 
 const (
-	ipad = []byte{len: 256, init: 0x36} // TODO is 256 enough??
+	ipad = []u8{len: 256, init: 0x36} // TODO is 256 enough??
-	opad = []byte{len: 256, init: 0x5C}
+	opad = []u8{len: 256, init: 0x5C}
-	npad = []byte{len: 256, init: 0}
+	npad = []u8{len: 256, init: 0}
 )
 
 // new returns a HMAC byte array, depending on the hash algorithm used.
-pub fn new(key []byte, data []byte, hash_func fn ([]byte) []byte, blocksize int) []byte {
+pub fn new(key []u8, data []u8, hash_func fn ([]u8) []u8, blocksize int) []u8 {
-	mut b_key := []byte{}
+	mut b_key := []u8{}
 	if key.len <= blocksize {
 		b_key = key.clone() // TODO: remove .clone() once https://github.com/vlang/v/issues/6604 gets fixed
 	} else {
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ pub fn new(key []byte, data []byte, hash_func fn ([]byte) []byte, blocksize int)
 	if b_key.len < blocksize {
 		b_key << hmac.npad[..blocksize - b_key.len]
 	}
-	mut inner := []byte{}
+	mut inner := []u8{}
 	for i, b in hmac.ipad[..blocksize] {
 		inner << b_key[i] ^ b
 	}
 	inner << data
 	inner_hash := hash_func(inner)
-	mut outer := []byte{cap: b_key.len}
+	mut outer := []u8{cap: b_key.len}
 	for i, b in hmac.opad[..blocksize] {
 		outer << b_key[i] ^ b
 	}
@@ -39,6 +39,6 @@ pub fn new(key []byte, data []byte, hash_func fn ([]byte) []byte, blocksize int)
 // equal compares 2 MACs for equality, without leaking timing info.
 // Note: if the lengths of the 2 MACs are different, probably a completely different
 // hash function was used to generate them => no useful timing information.
-pub fn equal(mac1 []byte, mac2 []byte) bool {
+pub fn equal(mac1 []u8, mac2 []u8) bool {
 	return subtle.constant_time_compare(mac1, mac2) == 1
 }

vlib/crypto/internal/subtle/aliasing.v

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ module subtle
 // NOTE: require unsafe in future
 // any_overlap reports whether x and y share memory at any (not necessarily
 // corresponding) index. The memory beyond the slice length is ignored.
-pub fn any_overlap(x []byte, y []byte) bool {
+pub fn any_overlap(x []u8, y []u8) bool {
 	// NOTE: Remember to come back to this (joe-c)
 	return x.len > 0 && y.len > 0 && // &x.data[0] <= &y.data[y.len-1] &&
 	// &y.data[0] <= &x.data[x.len-1]
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub fn any_overlap(x []byte, y []byte) bool {
 //
 // inexact_overlap can be used to implement the requirements of the crypto/cipher
 // AEAD, Block, BlockMode and Stream interfaces.
-pub fn inexact_overlap(x []byte, y []byte) bool {
+pub fn inexact_overlap(x []u8, y []u8) bool {
 	if x.len == 0 || y.len == 0 || unsafe { &x[0] == &y[0] } {
 		return false
 	}

vlib/crypto/internal/subtle/comparison.v

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub fn constant_time_select(v int, x int, y int) int {
 // constant_time_compare returns 1 when x and y have equal contents.
 // The runtime of this function is proportional of the length of x and y.
 // It is *NOT* dependent on their content.
-pub fn constant_time_compare(x []byte, y []byte) int {
+pub fn constant_time_compare(x []u8, y []u8) int {
 	if x.len != y.len {
 		return 0
 	}
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ pub fn constant_time_compare(x []byte, y []byte) int {
 // constant_time_copy copies the contents of y into x, when v == 1.
 // When v == 0, x is left unchanged. this function is undefined, when
 // v takes any other value
-pub fn constant_time_copy(v int, mut x []byte, y []byte) {
+pub fn constant_time_copy(v int, mut x []u8, y []u8) {
 	if x.len != y.len {
 		panic('subtle: arrays have different lengths')
 	}

vlib/crypto/md5/md5.v

@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ const (
 struct Digest {
 mut:
 	s   []u32
-	x   []byte
+	x   []u8
 	nx  int
 	len u64
 }
 
 fn (mut d Digest) reset() {
 	d.s = []u32{len: (4)}
-	d.x = []byte{len: md5.block_size}
+	d.x = []u8{len: md5.block_size}
 	d.s[0] = u32(md5.init0)
 	d.s[1] = u32(md5.init1)
 	d.s[2] = u32(md5.init2)
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pub fn new() &Digest {
 }
 
 // write writes the contents of `p_` to the internal hash representation.
-pub fn (mut d Digest) write(p_ []byte) ?int {
+pub fn (mut d Digest) write(p_ []u8) ?int {
 	unsafe {
 		mut p := p_
 		nn := p.len
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ pub fn (mut d Digest) write(p_ []byte) ?int {
 }
 
 // sum returns the md5 sum of the bytes in `b_in`.
-pub fn (d &Digest) sum(b_in []byte) []byte {
+pub fn (d &Digest) sum(b_in []u8) []u8 {
 	// Make a copy of d so that caller can keep writing and summing.
 	mut d0 := *d
 	hash := d0.checksum()
@@ -99,14 +99,14 @@ pub fn (d &Digest) sum(b_in []byte) []byte {
 }
 
 // checksum returns the byte checksum of the `Digest`.
-pub fn (mut d Digest) checksum() []byte {
+pub fn (mut d Digest) checksum() []u8 {
 	// Append 0x80 to the end of the message and then append zeros
 	// until the length is a multiple of 56 bytes. Finally append
 	// 8 bytes representing the message length in bits.
 	//
 	// 1 byte end marker :: 0-63 padding bytes :: 8 byte length
 	// tmp := [1 + 63 + 8]byte{0x80}
-	mut tmp := []byte{len: (1 + 63 + 8)}
+	mut tmp := []u8{len: (1 + 63 + 8)}
 	tmp[0] = 0x80
 	pad := ((55 - d.len) % 64) // calculate number of padding bytes
 	binary.little_endian_put_u64(mut tmp[1 + pad..], d.len << 3) // append length in bits
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ pub fn (mut d Digest) checksum() []byte {
 	if d.nx != 0 {
 		panic('d.nx != 0')
 	}
-	mut digest := []byte{len: md5.size}
+	mut digest := []u8{len: md5.size}
 	binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut digest, d.s[0])
 	binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut digest[4..], d.s[1])
 	binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut digest[8..], d.s[2])
@@ -125,13 +125,13 @@ pub fn (mut d Digest) checksum() []byte {
 }
 
 // sum returns the MD5 checksum of the data.
-pub fn sum(data []byte) []byte {
+pub fn sum(data []u8) []u8 {
 	mut d := new()
 	d.write(data) or { panic(err) }
 	return d.checksum()
 }
 
-fn block(mut dig Digest, p []byte) {
+fn block(mut dig Digest, p []u8) {
 	// For now just use block_generic until we have specific
 	// architecture optimized versions
 	block_generic(mut dig, p)

vlib/crypto/md5/md5block_generic.v

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ module md5
 import math.bits
 import encoding.binary
 
-fn block_generic(mut dig Digest, p []byte) {
+fn block_generic(mut dig Digest, p []u8) {
 	// load state
 	mut a := dig.s[0]
 	mut b := dig.s[1]

vlib/crypto/rand/rand.v

@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ pub fn (err ReadError) msg() string {
 // See also rand.bytes(), if you do not need really random bytes,
 // but instead pseudo random ones, from a pseudo random generator
 // that can be seeded, and that is usually faster.
-pub fn bytes(bytes_needed int) ?[]byte {
+pub fn bytes(bytes_needed int) ?[]u8 {
 	return read(bytes_needed)
 }

vlib/crypto/rand/rand_darwin.c.v

@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ module rand
 fn C.SecRandomCopyBytes(rnd C.SecRandomRef, count usize, bytes voidptr) int
 
 // read returns an array of `bytes_needed` random bytes read from the OS.
-pub fn read(bytes_needed int) ?[]byte {
+pub fn read(bytes_needed int) ?[]u8 {
-	mut buffer := []byte{len: bytes_needed}
+	mut buffer := []u8{len: bytes_needed}
 	status := C.SecRandomCopyBytes(C.SecRandomRef(0), bytes_needed, buffer.data)
 	if status != 0 {
 		return IError(&ReadError{})

vlib/crypto/rand/rand_default.c.v

@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@
 module rand
 
 // read returns an array of `bytes_needed` random bytes read from the OS.
-pub fn read(bytes_needed int) ?[]byte {
+pub fn read(bytes_needed int) ?[]u8 {
 	return error('rand.read is not implemented on this platform')
 }

vlib/crypto/rand/rand_linux.c.v

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 // read returns an array of `bytes_needed` random bytes read from the OS.
-pub fn read(bytes_needed int) ?[]byte {
+pub fn read(bytes_needed int) ?[]u8 {
 	mut buffer := unsafe { vcalloc_noscan(bytes_needed) }
 	mut bytes_read := 0
 	mut remaining_bytes := bytes_needed

vlib/crypto/rand/rand_solaris.c.v

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 // read returns an array of `bytes_needed` random bytes read from the OS.
-pub fn read(bytes_needed int) ?[]byte {
+pub fn read(bytes_needed int) ?[]u8 {
 	mut buffer := unsafe { malloc_noscan(bytes_needed) }
 	mut bytes_read := 0
 	mut remaining_bytes := bytes_needed

vlib/crypto/rand/rand_windows.c.v

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ const (
 )
 
 // read returns an array of `bytes_needed` random bytes read from the OS.
-pub fn read(bytes_needed int) ?[]byte {
+pub fn read(bytes_needed int) ?[]u8 {
-	mut buffer := []byte{len: bytes_needed}
+	mut buffer := []u8{len: bytes_needed}
 	// use bcrypt_use_system_preferred_rng because we passed null as algo
 	status := C.BCryptGenRandom(0, buffer.data, bytes_needed, rand.bcrypt_use_system_preferred_rng)
 	if status != rand.status_success {

vlib/crypto/rand/utils.v

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ pub fn int_u64(max u64) ?u64 {
 	return n
 }
 
-fn bytes_to_u64(b []byte) []u64 {
+fn bytes_to_u64(b []u8) []u64 {
 	ws := 64 / 8
 	mut z := []u64{len: ((b.len + ws - 1) / ws)}
 	mut i := b.len

vlib/crypto/rc4/rc4.v

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ mut:
 
 // new_cipher creates and returns a new Cipher. The key argument should be the
 // RC4 key, at least 1 byte and at most 256 bytes.
-pub fn new_cipher(key []byte) ?Cipher {
+pub fn new_cipher(key []u8) ?Cipher {
 	if key.len < 1 || key.len > 256 {
 		return error('crypto.rc4: invalid key size ' + key.len.str())
 	}
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ pub fn (mut c Cipher) reset() {
 
 // xor_key_stream sets dst to the result of XORing src with the key stream.
 // Dst and src must overlap entirely or not at all.
-pub fn (mut c Cipher) xor_key_stream(mut dst []byte, mut src []byte) {
+pub fn (mut c Cipher) xor_key_stream(mut dst []u8, mut src []u8) {
 	if src.len == 0 {
 		return
 	}

vlib/crypto/sha1/sha1.v

@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ const (
 struct Digest {
 mut:
 	h   []u32
-	x   []byte
+	x   []u8
 	nx  int
 	len u64
 }
 
 fn (mut d Digest) reset() {
-	d.x = []byte{len: sha1.chunk}
+	d.x = []u8{len: sha1.chunk}
 	d.h = []u32{len: (5)}
 	d.h[0] = u32(sha1.init0)
 	d.h[1] = u32(sha1.init1)
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ pub fn new() &Digest {
 
 // write writes the contents of `p_` to the internal hash representation.
 [manualfree]
-pub fn (mut d Digest) write(p_ []byte) ?int {
+pub fn (mut d Digest) write(p_ []u8) ?int {
 	nn := p_.len
 	unsafe {
 		mut p := p_
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ pub fn (mut d Digest) write(p_ []byte) ?int {
 }
 
 // sum returns a copy of the generated sum of the bytes in `b_in`.
-pub fn (d &Digest) sum(b_in []byte) []byte {
+pub fn (d &Digest) sum(b_in []u8) []u8 {
 	// Make a copy of d so that caller can keep writing and summing.
 	mut d0 := *d
 	hash := d0.checksum()
@@ -103,10 +103,10 @@ pub fn (d &Digest) sum(b_in []byte) []byte {
 }
 
 // checksum returns the current byte checksum of the `Digest`.
-pub fn (mut d Digest) checksum() []byte {
+pub fn (mut d Digest) checksum() []u8 {
 	mut len := d.len
 	// Padding.  Add a 1 bit and 0 bits until 56 bytes mod 64.
-	mut tmp := []byte{len: (64)}
+	mut tmp := []u8{len: (64)}
 	tmp[0] = 0x80
 	if int(len) % 64 < 56 {
 		d.write(tmp[..56 - int(len) % 64]) or { panic(err) }
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ pub fn (mut d Digest) checksum() []byte {
 	len <<= 3
 	binary.big_endian_put_u64(mut tmp, len)
 	d.write(tmp[..8]) or { panic(err) }
-	mut digest := []byte{len: sha1.size}
+	mut digest := []u8{len: sha1.size}
 	binary.big_endian_put_u32(mut digest, d.h[0])
 	binary.big_endian_put_u32(mut digest[4..], d.h[1])
 	binary.big_endian_put_u32(mut digest[8..], d.h[2])
@@ -127,13 +127,13 @@ pub fn (mut d Digest) checksum() []byte {
 }
 
 // sum returns the SHA-1 checksum of the bytes passed in `data`.
-pub fn sum(data []byte) []byte {
+pub fn sum(data []u8) []u8 {
 	mut d := new()
 	d.write(data) or { panic(err) }
 	return d.checksum()
 }
 
-fn block(mut dig Digest, p []byte) {
+fn block(mut dig Digest, p []u8) {
 	// For now just use block_generic until we have specific
 	// architecture optimized versions
 	block_generic(mut dig, p)

vlib/crypto/sha1/sha1block_generic.v

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ const (
 	_k3 = 0xCA62C1D6
 )
 
-fn block_generic(mut dig Digest, p_ []byte) {
+fn block_generic(mut dig Digest, p_ []u8) {
 	unsafe {
 		mut p := p_
 		mut w := []u32{len: (16)}

vlib/crypto/sha256/sha256.v

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ const (
 struct Digest {
 mut:
 	h     []u32
-	x     []byte
+	x     []u8
 	nx    int
 	len   u64
 	is224 bool // mark if this digest is SHA-224
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ mut:
 
 fn (mut d Digest) reset() {
 	d.h = []u32{len: (8)}
-	d.x = []byte{len: sha256.chunk}
+	d.x = []u8{len: sha256.chunk}
 	if !d.is224 {
 		d.h[0] = u32(sha256.init0)
 		d.h[1] = u32(sha256.init1)
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ pub fn new224() &Digest {
 }
 
 // write writes the contents of `p_` to the internal hash representation.
-pub fn (mut d Digest) write(p_ []byte) ?int {
+pub fn (mut d Digest) write(p_ []u8) ?int {
 	unsafe {
 		mut p := p_
 		nn := p.len
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ pub fn (mut d Digest) write(p_ []byte) ?int {
 }
 
 // sum returns the SHA256 or SHA224 checksum of digest with the data.
-pub fn (d &Digest) sum(b_in []byte) []byte {
+pub fn (d &Digest) sum(b_in []u8) []u8 {
 	// Make a copy of d so that caller can keep writing and summing.
 	mut d0 := *d
 	hash := d0.checksum()
@@ -143,10 +143,10 @@ pub fn (d &Digest) sum(b_in []byte) []byte {
 }
 
 // checksum returns the current byte checksum of the Digest.
-pub fn (mut d Digest) checksum() []byte {
+pub fn (mut d Digest) checksum() []u8 {
 	mut len := d.len
 	// Padding. Add a 1 bit and 0 bits until 56 bytes mod 64.
-	mut tmp := []byte{len: (64)}
+	mut tmp := []u8{len: (64)}
 	tmp[0] = 0x80
 	if int(len) % 64 < 56 {
 		d.write(tmp[..56 - int(len) % 64]) or { panic(err) }
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ pub fn (mut d Digest) checksum() []byte {
 	if d.nx != 0 {
 		panic('d.nx != 0')
 	}
-	mut digest := []byte{len: sha256.size}
+	mut digest := []u8{len: sha256.size}
 	binary.big_endian_put_u32(mut digest, d.h[0])
 	binary.big_endian_put_u32(mut digest[4..], d.h[1])
 	binary.big_endian_put_u32(mut digest[8..], d.h[2])
@@ -176,28 +176,28 @@ pub fn (mut d Digest) checksum() []byte {
 
 // sum returns the SHA256 checksum of the bytes in `data`.
 // Example: assert sha256.sum('V'.bytes()).len > 0 == true
-pub fn sum(data []byte) []byte {
+pub fn sum(data []u8) []u8 {
 	return sum256(data)
 }
 
 // sum256 returns the SHA256 checksum of the data.
-pub fn sum256(data []byte) []byte {
+pub fn sum256(data []u8) []u8 {
 	mut d := new()
 	d.write(data) or { panic(err) }
 	return d.checksum()
 }
 
 // sum224 returns the SHA224 checksum of the data.
-pub fn sum224(data []byte) []byte {
+pub fn sum224(data []u8) []u8 {
 	mut d := new224()
 	d.write(data) or { panic(err) }
 	sum := d.checksum()
-	mut sum224 := []byte{len: sha256.size224}
+	mut sum224 := []u8{len: sha256.size224}
 	copy(mut sum224, sum[..sha256.size224])
 	return sum224
 }
 
-fn block(mut dig Digest, p []byte) {
+fn block(mut dig Digest, p []u8) {
 	// For now just use block_generic until we have specific
 	// architecture optimized versions
 	block_generic(mut dig, p)

vlib/crypto/sha256/sha256block_generic.v

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ const (
 	]
 )
 
-fn block_generic(mut dig Digest, p_ []byte) {
+fn block_generic(mut dig Digest, p_ []u8) {
 	unsafe {
 		mut p := p_
 		mut w := []u32{len: (64)}

vlib/crypto/sha512/sha512.v

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ const (
 struct Digest {
 mut:
 	h        []u64
-	x        []byte
+	x        []u8
 	nx       int
 	len      u64
 	function crypto.Hash
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ mut:
 
 fn (mut d Digest) reset() {
 	d.h = []u64{len: (8)}
-	d.x = []byte{len: sha512.chunk}
+	d.x = []u8{len: sha512.chunk}
 	match d.function {
 		.sha384 {
 			d.h[0] = sha512.init0_384
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ fn new384() &Digest {
 }
 
 // write writes the contents of `p_` to the internal hash representation.
-pub fn (mut d Digest) write(p_ []byte) ?int {
+pub fn (mut d Digest) write(p_ []u8) ?int {
 	unsafe {
 		mut p := p_
 		nn := p.len
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ pub fn (mut d Digest) write(p_ []byte) ?int {
 }
 
 // sum returns the SHA512 or SHA384 checksum of digest with the data bytes in `b_in`
-pub fn (d &Digest) sum(b_in []byte) []byte {
+pub fn (d &Digest) sum(b_in []u8) []u8 {
 	// Make a copy of d so that caller can keep writing and summing.
 	mut d0 := *d
 	hash := d0.checksum()
@@ -215,10 +215,10 @@ pub fn (d &Digest) sum(b_in []byte) []byte {
 }
 
 // checksum returns the current byte checksum of the Digest.
-pub fn (mut d Digest) checksum() []byte {
+pub fn (mut d Digest) checksum() []u8 {
 	// Padding. Add a 1 bit and 0 bits until 112 bytes mod 128.
 	mut len := d.len
-	mut tmp := []byte{len: (128)}
+	mut tmp := []u8{len: (128)}
 	tmp[0] = 0x80
 	if int(len) % 128 < 112 {
 		d.write(tmp[..112 - int(len) % 128]) or { panic(err) }
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ pub fn (mut d Digest) checksum() []byte {
 	if d.nx != 0 {
 		panic('d.nx != 0')
 	}
-	mut digest := []byte{len: sha512.size}
+	mut digest := []u8{len: sha512.size}
 	binary.big_endian_put_u64(mut digest, d.h[0])
 	binary.big_endian_put_u64(mut digest[8..], d.h[1])
 	binary.big_endian_put_u64(mut digest[16..], d.h[2])
@@ -248,43 +248,43 @@ pub fn (mut d Digest) checksum() []byte {
 }
 
 // sum512 returns the SHA512 checksum of the data.
-pub fn sum512(data []byte) []byte {
+pub fn sum512(data []u8) []u8 {
 	mut d := new_digest(.sha512)
 	d.write(data) or { panic(err) }
 	return d.checksum()
 }
 
 // sum384 returns the SHA384 checksum of the data.
-pub fn sum384(data []byte) []byte {
+pub fn sum384(data []u8) []u8 {
 	mut d := new_digest(.sha384)
 	d.write(data) or { panic(err) }
 	sum := d.checksum()
-	mut sum384 := []byte{len: sha512.size384}
+	mut sum384 := []u8{len: sha512.size384}
 	copy(mut sum384, sum[..sha512.size384])
 	return sum384
 }
 
 // sum512_224 returns the Sum512/224 checksum of the data.
-pub fn sum512_224(data []byte) []byte {
+pub fn sum512_224(data []u8) []u8 {
 	mut d := new_digest(.sha512_224)
 	d.write(data) or { panic(err) }
 	sum := d.checksum()
-	mut sum224 := []byte{len: sha512.size224}
+	mut sum224 := []u8{len: sha512.size224}
 	copy(mut sum224, sum[..sha512.size224])
 	return sum224
 }
 
 // sum512_256 returns the Sum512/256 checksum of the data.
-pub fn sum512_256(data []byte) []byte {
+pub fn sum512_256(data []u8) []u8 {
 	mut d := new_digest(.sha512_256)
 	d.write(data) or { panic(err) }
 	sum := d.checksum()
-	mut sum256 := []byte{len: sha512.size256}
+	mut sum256 := []u8{len: sha512.size256}
 	copy(mut sum256, sum[..sha512.size256])
 	return sum256
 }
 
-fn block(mut dig Digest, p []byte) {
+fn block(mut dig Digest, p []u8) {
 	// For now just use block_generic until we have specific
 	// architecture optimized versions
 	block_generic(mut dig, p)

vlib/crypto/sha512/sha512block_generic.v

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ const (
 		u64(0x4cc5d4becb3e42b6), u64(0x597f299cfc657e2a), u64(0x5fcb6fab3ad6faec), u64(0x6c44198c4a475817)]
 )
 
-fn block_generic(mut dig Digest, p_ []byte) {
+fn block_generic(mut dig Digest, p_ []u8) {
 	unsafe {
 		mut p := p_
 		mut w := []u64{len: (80)}

vlib/encoding/base58/alphabet.v

@@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ fn init_alphabets() map[string]Alphabet {
 struct Alphabet {
 mut:
 	decode []i8   = []i8{len: 128, init: -1}
-	encode []byte = []byte{len: 58}
+	encode []u8 = []u8{len: 58}
 }
 
 // str returns an Alphabet encode table byte array as a string
 pub fn (alphabet Alphabet) str() string {
 	// i guess i had a brain fart here. Why would I actually use this code?!
-	// mut str := []byte{}
+	// mut str := []u8{}
 	// for entry in alphabet.encode {
 	// 	str << entry
 	// }

vlib/encoding/base58/base58.v

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pub fn encode_int_walpha(input int, alphabet Alphabet) ?string {
 		return error(@MOD + '.' + @FN + ': input must be greater than zero')
 	}
 
-	mut buffer := []byte{}
+	mut buffer := []u8{}
 
 	mut i := input
 	for i > 0 {
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ pub fn encode_walpha(input string, alphabet Alphabet) string {
 	// integer simplification of
 	// ceil(log(256)/log(58))
 
-	mut out := []byte{len: sz}
+	mut out := []u8{len: sz}
 	mut i := 0
 	mut high := 0
 	mut carry := u32(0)
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ pub fn decode_walpha(str string, alphabet Alphabet) ?string {
 	mut c := u64(0)
 
 	// the 32-bit algorithm stretches the result up to 2x
-	mut binu := []byte{len: 2 * ((b58sz * 406 / 555) + 1)}
+	mut binu := []u8{len: 2 * ((b58sz * 406 / 555) + 1)}
 	mut outi := []u32{len: (b58sz + 3) / 4}
 
 	for _, r in str {

vlib/encoding/base64/base64.c.v

@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ pub fn decode_str(data string) string {
 	}
 }
 
-// encode encodes the `[]byte` value passed in `data` to base64.
+// encode encodes the `[]u8` value passed in `data` to base64.
 // Please note: base64 encoding returns a `string` that is ~ 4/3 larger than the input.
 // Please note: If you need to encode many strings repeatedly, take a look at `encode_in_buffer`.
 // Example: assert base64.encode('V in base 64') == 'ViBpbiBiYXNlIDY0'

vlib/encoding/base64/base64.v

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ const (
 
 // url_decode returns a decoded URL `string` version of
 // the a base64 url encoded `string` passed in `data`.
-pub fn url_decode(data string) []byte {
+pub fn url_decode(data string) []u8 {
 	mut result := data.replace_each(['-', '+', '_', '/'])
 	match result.len % 4 {
 		// Pad with trailing '='s
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ pub fn url_decode_str(data string) string {
 
 // url_encode returns a base64 URL encoded `string` version
 // of the value passed in `data`.
-pub fn url_encode(data []byte) string {
+pub fn url_encode(data []u8) string {
 	return encode(data).replace_each(['+', '-', '/', '_', '=', ''])
 }
 

vlib/encoding/base64/base64_memory_test.v

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ fn test_long_encoding() {
 	repeats := 1000
 	input_size := 3000
 
-	s_original := []byte{len: input_size, init: `a`}
+	s_original := []u8{len: input_size, init: `a`}
 	s_encoded := base64.encode(s_original)
 	s_encoded_bytes := s_encoded.bytes()
 	s_decoded := base64.decode(s_encoded)
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ fn test_long_encoding() {
 	}
 	//
 	encoded_size := base64.encode_in_buffer(s_original, ebuffer)
-	mut encoded_in_buf := []byte{len: encoded_size}
+	mut encoded_in_buf := []u8{len: encoded_size}
 	unsafe { C.memcpy(encoded_in_buf.data, ebuffer, encoded_size) }
 	assert input_size * 4 / 3 == encoded_size
 	assert encoded_in_buf[0] == `Y`
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ fn test_long_encoding() {
 
 	decoded_size := base64.decode_in_buffer(s_encoded, dbuffer)
 	assert decoded_size == input_size
-	mut decoded_in_buf := []byte{len: decoded_size}
+	mut decoded_in_buf := []u8{len: decoded_size}
 	unsafe { C.memcpy(decoded_in_buf.data, dbuffer, decoded_size) }
 	assert decoded_in_buf == s_original
 

vlib/encoding/base64/base64_test.v

@@ -137,9 +137,9 @@ fn test_decode_in_buffer_bytes() {
 		TestPair{'fooba', 'Zm9vYmE='},
 		TestPair{'foobar', 'Zm9vYmFy'},
 	]
-	mut src_dec_buf := []byte{len: 8}
+	mut src_dec_buf := []u8{len: 8}
-	mut src_enc_buf := []byte{len: 8}
+	mut src_enc_buf := []u8{len: 8}
-	mut out_buf := []byte{len: 8}
+	mut out_buf := []u8{len: 8}
 
 	for p in rfc4648_pairs {
 		src_dec_buf = p.decoded.bytes()

vlib/encoding/binary/binary.v

@@ -5,26 +5,26 @@ module binary
 
 // Little Endian
 [inline]
-pub fn little_endian_u16(b []byte) u16 {
+pub fn little_endian_u16(b []u8) u16 {
 	_ = b[1] // bounds check
 	return u16(b[0]) | (u16(b[1]) << u16(8))
 }
 
 [inline]
-pub fn little_endian_put_u16(mut b []byte, v u16) {
+pub fn little_endian_put_u16(mut b []u8, v u16) {
 	_ = b[1] // bounds check
 	b[0] = u8(v)
 	b[1] = u8(v >> u16(8))
 }
 
 [inline]
-pub fn little_endian_u32(b []byte) u32 {
+pub fn little_endian_u32(b []u8) u32 {
 	_ = b[3] // bounds check
 	return u32(b[0]) | (u32(b[1]) << u32(8)) | (u32(b[2]) << u32(16)) | (u32(b[3]) << u32(24))
 }
 
 [inline]
-pub fn little_endian_put_u32(mut b []byte, v u32) {
+pub fn little_endian_put_u32(mut b []u8, v u32) {
 	_ = b[3] // bounds check
 	b[0] = u8(v)
 	b[1] = u8(v >> u32(8))
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ pub fn little_endian_put_u32(mut b []byte, v u32) {
 }
 
 [inline]
-pub fn little_endian_u64(b []byte) u64 {
+pub fn little_endian_u64(b []u8) u64 {
 	_ = b[7] // bounds check
 	return u64(b[0]) | (u64(b[1]) << u64(8)) | (u64(b[2]) << u64(16)) | (u64(b[3]) << u64(24)) | (u64(b[4]) << u64(32)) | (u64(b[5]) << u64(40)) | (u64(b[6]) << u64(48)) | (u64(b[7]) << u64(56))
 }
 
 [inline]
-pub fn little_endian_put_u64(mut b []byte, v u64) {
+pub fn little_endian_put_u64(mut b []u8, v u64) {
 	_ = b[7] // bounds check
 	b[0] = u8(v)
 	b[1] = u8(v >> u64(8))
@@ -53,26 +53,26 @@ pub fn little_endian_put_u64(mut b []byte, v u64) {
 
 // Big Endian
 [inline]
-pub fn big_endian_u16(b []byte) u16 {
+pub fn big_endian_u16(b []u8) u16 {
 	_ = b[1] // bounds check
 	return u16(b[1]) | (u16(b[0]) << u16(8))
 }
 
 [inline]
-pub fn big_endian_put_u16(mut b []byte, v u16) {
+pub fn big_endian_put_u16(mut b []u8, v u16) {
 	_ = b[1] // bounds check
 	b[0] = u8(v >> u16(8))
 	b[1] = u8(v)
 }
 
 [inline]
-pub fn big_endian_u32(b []byte) u32 {
+pub fn big_endian_u32(b []u8) u32 {
 	_ = b[3] // bounds check
 	return u32(b[3]) | (u32(b[2]) << u32(8)) | (u32(b[1]) << u32(16)) | (u32(b[0]) << u32(24))
 }
 
 [inline]
-pub fn big_endian_put_u32(mut b []byte, v u32) {
+pub fn big_endian_put_u32(mut b []u8, v u32) {
 	_ = b[3] // bounds check
 	b[0] = u8(v >> u32(24))
 	b[1] = u8(v >> u32(16))
@@ -81,13 +81,13 @@ pub fn big_endian_put_u32(mut b []byte, v u32) {
 }
 
 [inline]
-pub fn big_endian_u64(b []byte) u64 {
+pub fn big_endian_u64(b []u8) u64 {
 	_ = b[7] // bounds check
 	return u64(b[7]) | (u64(b[6]) << u64(8)) | (u64(b[5]) << u64(16)) | (u64(b[4]) << u64(24)) | (u64(b[3]) << u64(32)) | (u64(b[2]) << u64(40)) | (u64(b[1]) << u64(48)) | (u64(b[0]) << u64(56))
 }
 
 [inline]
-pub fn big_endian_put_u64(mut b []byte, v u64) {
+pub fn big_endian_put_u64(mut b []u8, v u64) {
 	_ = b[7] // bounds check
 	b[0] = u8(v >> u64(56))
 	b[1] = u8(v >> u64(48))

vlib/encoding/hex/hex.v

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import strings
 // decode converts a hex string into an array of bytes. The expected
 // input format is 2 ASCII characters for each output byte. If the provided
 // string length is not a multiple of 2, an implicit `0` is prepended to it.
-pub fn decode(s string) ?[]byte {
+pub fn decode(s string) ?[]u8 {
 	mut hex_str := s
 	if hex_str.len >= 2 {
 		if s[0] == `0` && (s[1] == `x` || s[1] == `X`) {
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub fn decode(s string) ?[]byte {
 		}
 	}
 	if hex_str.len == 0 {
-		return []byte{}
+		return []u8{}
 	} else if hex_str.len == 1 {
 		return [char2nibble(hex_str[0]) ?]
 	} else if hex_str.len == 2 {
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ pub fn decode(s string) ?[]byte {
 		val = (val << 4) | char2nibble(hex_str[1]) ?
 	}
 	// set cap to hex_str.len/2 rounded up
-	mut bytes := []byte{len: 1, cap: (hex_str.len + 1) >> 1, init: val}
+	mut bytes := []u8{len: 1, cap: (hex_str.len + 1) >> 1, init: val}
 	// iterate over every 2 bytes
 	// the start index depends on if hex_str.len is odd
 	for i := 2 - (hex_str.len & 1); i < hex_str.len; i += 2 {
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ pub fn decode(s string) ?[]byte {
 // encode converts an array of bytes into a string of ASCII hex bytes. The
 // output will always be a string with length a multiple of 2.
 [manualfree]
-pub fn encode(bytes []byte) string {
+pub fn encode(bytes []u8) string {
 	mut sb := strings.new_builder(bytes.len * 2)
 	for b in bytes {
 		sb.write_string(b.hex())

vlib/fontstash/fontstash.c.v

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ pub fn (s &Context) add_fallback_font(base int, fallback int) int {
 // `free_data` indicates if `data` should be freed after the font is added.
 // The function returns the id of the font on success, `fontstash.invalid` otherwise.
 [inline]
-pub fn (s &Context) add_font_mem(name string, data []byte, free_data bool) int {
+pub fn (s &Context) add_font_mem(name string, data []u8, free_data bool) int {
 	return C.fonsAddFontMem(s, &char(name.str), data.data, data.len, int(free_data))
 }
 

vlib/gg/gg.c.v

@@ -92,10 +92,10 @@ pub:
 	custom_bold_font_path string
 	ui_mode               bool // refreshes only on events to save CPU usage
 	// font bytes for embedding
-	font_bytes_normal []byte
+	font_bytes_normal []u8
-	font_bytes_bold   []byte
+	font_bytes_bold   []u8
-	font_bytes_mono   []byte
+	font_bytes_mono   []u8
-	font_bytes_italic []byte
+	font_bytes_italic []u8
 	native_rendering  bool // Cocoa on macOS/iOS, GDI+ on Windows
 	// drag&drop
 	enable_dragndrop             bool // enable file dropping (drag'n'drop), default is false

vlib/gg/gg.js.v

@@ -243,10 +243,10 @@ pub:
 	custom_bold_font_path string
 	ui_mode               bool // refreshes only on events to save CPU usage
 	// font bytes for embedding
-	font_bytes_normal []byte
+	font_bytes_normal []u8
-	font_bytes_bold   []byte
+	font_bytes_bold   []u8
-	font_bytes_mono   []byte
+	font_bytes_mono   []u8
-	font_bytes_italic []byte
+	font_bytes_italic []u8
 	native_rendering  bool // Cocoa on macOS/iOS, GDI+ on Windows
 	// drag&drop
 	enable_dragndrop             bool // enable file dropping (drag'n'drop), default is false

vlib/gg/image.c.v

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ pub fn (mut ctx Context) create_image_from_memory(buf &byte, bufsize int) Image
 // byte array `b`.
 //
 // See also: create_image_from_memory
-pub fn (mut ctx Context) create_image_from_byte_array(b []byte) Image {
+pub fn (mut ctx Context) create_image_from_byte_array(b []u8) Image {
 	return ctx.create_image_from_memory(b.data, b.len)
 }
 

vlib/gg/text_rendering.c.v

@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@ fn new_ft(c FTConfig) ?&FT {
 	}
 
 	mut normal_path := c.font_path
-	mut bytes := []byte{}
+	mut bytes := []u8{}
 	$if android {
 		// First try any filesystem paths
-		bytes = os.read_bytes(c.font_path) or { []byte{} }
+		bytes = os.read_bytes(c.font_path) or { []u8{} }
 		if bytes.len == 0 {
 			// ... then try the APK asset path
 			bytes = os.read_apk_asset(c.font_path) or {

vlib/gg/text_rendering.v

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ struct FTConfig {
 	custom_bold_font_path string
 	scale                 f32 = 1.0
 	font_size             int
-	bytes_normal          []byte
+	bytes_normal          []u8
-	bytes_bold            []byte
+	bytes_bold            []u8
-	bytes_mono            []byte
+	bytes_mono            []u8
-	bytes_italic          []byte
+	bytes_italic          []u8
 }
 
 struct StringToRender {

vlib/hash/crc32/crc32.v

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ fn (mut c Crc32) generate_table(poly int) {
 	}
 }
 
-fn (c &Crc32) sum32(b []byte) u32 {
+fn (c &Crc32) sum32(b []u8) u32 {
 	mut crc := ~u32(0)
 	for i in 0 .. b.len {
 		crc = c.table[u8(crc) ^ b[i]] ^ (crc >> 8)
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ fn (c &Crc32) sum32(b []byte) u32 {
 	return ~crc
 }
 
-pub fn (c &Crc32) checksum(b []byte) u32 {
+pub fn (c &Crc32) checksum(b []u8) u32 {
 	return c.sum32(b)
 }
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ pub fn new(poly int) &Crc32 {
 }
 
 // calculate crc32 using ieee
-pub fn sum(b []byte) u32 {
+pub fn sum(b []u8) u32 {
 	c := new(int(crc32.ieee))
 	return c.sum32(b)
 }

vlib/hash/fnv1a/fnv1a.v

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ pub fn sum32_string(data string) u32 {
 // sum32 returns a fnv1a hash of the memory block, described by the dynamic
 // byte array `data`.
 [direct_array_access; inline]
-pub fn sum32(data []byte) u32 {
+pub fn sum32(data []u8) u32 {
 	mut hash := fnv1a.fnv32_offset_basis
 	for i in 0 .. data.len {
 		hash = (hash ^ u32(data[i])) * fnv1a.fnv32_prime
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ pub fn sum64_string(data string) u64 {
 // sum64 returns a fnv1a hash of the memory block, described by the dynamic
 // byte array `data`.
 [direct_array_access; inline]
-pub fn sum64(data []byte) u64 {
+pub fn sum64(data []u8) u64 {
 	mut hash := fnv1a.fnv64_offset_basis
 	for i in 0 .. data.len {
 		hash = (hash ^ u64(data[i])) * fnv1a.fnv64_prime

vlib/hash/hash.v

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ module hash
 interface Hasher {
 	// Sum appends the current hash to b and returns the resulting array.
 	// It does not change the underlying hash state.
-	sum(b []byte) []byte
+	sum(b []u8) []u8
 	size() int
 	block_size() int
 }

vlib/hash/wyhash.c.v

@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ pub fn sum64_string(key string, seed u64) u64 {
 }
 
 [inline]
-pub fn sum64(key []byte, seed u64) u64 {
+pub fn sum64(key []u8, seed u64) u64 {
 	return wyhash_c(&u8(key.data), u64(key.len), seed)
 }

vlib/io/buffered_reader.v

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ module io
 struct BufferedReader {
 mut:
 	reader Reader
-	buf    []byte
+	buf    []u8
 	offset int // current offset in the buffer
 	len    int
 	fails  int // how many times fill_buffer has read 0 bytes in a row
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub fn new_buffered_reader(o BufferedReaderConfig) &BufferedReader {
 	// create
 	r := &BufferedReader{
 		reader: o.reader
-		buf: []byte{len: o.cap, cap: o.cap}
+		buf: []u8{len: o.cap, cap: o.cap}
 		offset: 0
 		mfails: o.retries
 	}
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub fn new_buffered_reader(o BufferedReaderConfig) &BufferedReader {
 }
 
 // read fufills the Reader interface
-pub fn (mut r BufferedReader) read(mut buf []byte) ?int {
+pub fn (mut r BufferedReader) read(mut buf []u8) ?int {
 	if r.end_of_stream {
 		return none
 	}
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ pub fn (mut r BufferedReader) read_line() ?string {
 	if r.end_of_stream {
 		return none
 	}
-	mut line := []byte{}
+	mut line := []u8{}
 	for {
 		if r.needs_fill() {
 			// go fetch some new data

vlib/io/custom_string_reading_test.v

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ fn imin(a int, b int) int {
 	return if a < b { a } else { b }
 }
 
-fn (mut s StringReader) read(mut buf []byte) ?int {
+fn (mut s StringReader) read(mut buf []u8) ?int {
 	$if debug {
 		eprintln('>>>> StringReader.read output buf.len: $buf.len')
 	}
@@ -24,14 +24,14 @@ fn (mut s StringReader) read(mut buf []byte) ?int {
 	return read
 }
 
-fn read_from_string(text string, capacity int) []byte {
+fn read_from_string(text string, capacity int) []u8 {
 	mut str := StringReader{
 		text: text
 	}
 	mut stream := io.new_buffered_reader(reader: str, cap: capacity)
 	//
-	mut buf := []byte{len: 1}
+	mut buf := []u8{len: 1}
-	mut res := []byte{}
+	mut res := []u8{}
 	mut i := 0
 	for {
 		z := stream.read(mut buf) or { break }
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ pub fn test_reading_from_a_string() {
 		assert read_from_string('ab', capacity) == [u8(`a`), `b`]
 		assert read_from_string('abc', capacity) == [u8(`a`), `b`, `c`]
 		assert read_from_string('abcde', capacity) == [u8(`a`), `b`, `c`, `d`, `e`]
-		large_string_bytes := []byte{len: 1000, init: `x`}
+		large_string_bytes := []u8{len: 1000, init: `x`}
 		large_string := large_string_bytes.bytestr()
 		assert read_from_string(large_string, capacity) == large_string_bytes
 	}

vlib/io/io.v

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ const (
 )
 
 pub fn cp(mut src Reader, mut dst Writer) ? {
-	mut buf := []byte{len: io.buf_max_len}
+	mut buf := []u8{len: io.buf_max_len}
 	for {
 		len := src.read(mut buf) or { break }
 		dst.write(buf[..len]) or { return err }

vlib/io/io_test.v

@@ -2,17 +2,17 @@ import io
 
 struct Buf {
 pub:
-	bytes []byte
+	bytes []u8
 mut:
 	i int
 }
 
 struct Writ {
 pub mut:
-	bytes []byte
+	bytes []u8
 }
 
-fn (mut b Buf) read(mut buf []byte) ?int {
+fn (mut b Buf) read(mut buf []u8) ?int {
 	if !(b.i < b.bytes.len) {
 		return none
 	}
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ fn (mut b Buf) read(mut buf []byte) ?int {
 	return n
 }
 
-fn (mut w Writ) write(buf []byte) ?int {
+fn (mut w Writ) write(buf []u8) ?int {
 	if buf.len <= 0 {
 		return none
 	}
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ fn test_copy() {
 		bytes: 'abcdefghij'.repeat(10).bytes()
 	}
 	mut dst := Writ{
-		bytes: []byte{}
+		bytes: []u8{}
 	}
 	io.cp(mut src, mut dst) or { assert false }
 	assert dst.bytes == src.bytes

vlib/io/multi_writer.v

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ pub mut:
 // written. If any writer fails to write the full length an error is returned
 // and writing to other writers stops. If any writer returns an error the error
 // is returned immediately and writing to other writers stops.
-pub fn (mut m MultiWriter) write(buf []byte) ?int {
+pub fn (mut m MultiWriter) write(buf []u8) ?int {
 	for mut w in m.writers {
 		n := w.write(buf) ?
 		if n != buf.len {

vlib/io/multi_writer_test.v

@@ -40,20 +40,20 @@ fn test_multi_writer_write_error() {
 
 struct TestWriter {
 pub mut:
-	bytes []byte
+	bytes []u8
 }
 
-fn (mut w TestWriter) write(buf []byte) ?int {
+fn (mut w TestWriter) write(buf []u8) ?int {
 	w.bytes << buf
 	return buf.len
 }
 
 struct TestIncompleteWriter {
 pub mut:
-	bytes []byte
+	bytes []u8
 }
 
-fn (mut w TestIncompleteWriter) write(buf []byte) ?int {
+fn (mut w TestIncompleteWriter) write(buf []u8) ?int {
 	b := buf[..buf.len - 1]
 	w.bytes << b
 	return b.len
@@ -61,6 +61,6 @@ fn (mut w TestIncompleteWriter) write(buf []byte) ?int {
 
 struct TestErrorWriter {}
 
-fn (mut w TestErrorWriter) write(buf []byte) ?int {
+fn (mut w TestErrorWriter) write(buf []u8) ?int {
 	return error('error writer errored')
 }

vlib/io/reader.v

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ pub interface Reader {
 	// A type that implements this should return
 	// `none` on end of stream (EOF) instead of just returning 0
 mut:
-	read(mut buf []byte) ?int
+	read(mut buf []u8) ?int
 }
 
 const (
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ mut:
 
 // read_all reads all bytes from a reader until either a 0 length read
 // or if read_to_end_of_stream is true then the end of the stream (`none`)
-pub fn read_all(config ReadAllConfig) ?[]byte {
+pub fn read_all(config ReadAllConfig) ?[]u8 {
 	mut r := config.reader
 	read_till_eof := config.read_to_end_of_stream
 
-	mut b := []byte{len: io.read_all_len}
+	mut b := []u8{len: io.read_all_len}
 	mut read := 0
 	for {
 		new_read := r.read(mut b[read..]) or { break }
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ pub fn read_all(config ReadAllConfig) ?[]byte {
 
 // read_any reads any available bytes from a reader
 // (until the reader returns a read of 0 length)
-pub fn read_any(mut r Reader) ?[]byte {
+pub fn read_any(mut r Reader) ?[]u8 {
-	mut b := []byte{len: io.read_all_len}
+	mut b := []u8{len: io.read_all_len}
 	mut read := 0
 	for {
 		new_read := r.read(mut b[read..]) or { break }
@@ -64,5 +64,5 @@ pub fn read_any(mut r Reader) ?[]byte {
 
 // RandomReader represents a stream of data that can be read from at a random location
 pub interface RandomReader {
-	read_from(pos u64, mut buf []byte) ?int
+	read_from(pos u64, mut buf []u8) ?int
 }

vlib/io/reader_test.v

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ module io
 
 struct Buf {
 pub:
-	bytes []byte
+	bytes []u8
 mut:
 	i int
 }
 
-fn (mut b Buf) read(mut buf []byte) ?int {
+fn (mut b Buf) read(mut buf []u8) ?int {
 	if !(b.i < b.bytes.len) {
 		return none
 	}
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ mut:
 	place int
 }
 
-fn (mut s StringReader) read(mut buf []byte) ?int {
+fn (mut s StringReader) read(mut buf []u8) ?int {
 	if s.place >= s.text.len {
 		return none
 	}

vlib/io/readerwriter.v

@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ mut:
 	w Writer
 }
 
-pub fn (mut r ReaderWriterImpl) read(mut buf []byte) ?int {
+pub fn (mut r ReaderWriterImpl) read(mut buf []u8) ?int {
 	return r.r.read(mut buf)
 }
 
-pub fn (mut r ReaderWriterImpl) write(buf []byte) ?int {
+pub fn (mut r ReaderWriterImpl) write(buf []u8) ?int {
 	return r.w.write(buf)
 }
 

vlib/io/writer.v

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ module io
 // Writer represents a stream of data that can be wrote to
 pub interface Writer {
 mut:
-	write(buf []byte) ?int
+	write(buf []u8) ?int
 }
 
 // RandomWriter represents a stream of data that can be wrote to
 // at a random pos
 pub interface RandomWriter {
-	write_to(pos u64, buf []byte) ?int
+	write_to(pos u64, buf []u8) ?int
 }

vlib/math/big/big_test.v

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ fn test_integer_from_bytes() {
 	assert big.integer_from_bytes([u8(0x13), 0x37, 0xca, 0xfe, 0xba]).hex() == '1337cafeba'
 	assert big.integer_from_bytes([u8(0x13), 0x37, 0xca, 0xfe, 0xba, 0xbe]).hex() == '1337cafebabe'
 
-	mut bytes := []byte{cap: 1024}
+	mut bytes := []u8{cap: 1024}
 	mut expected := ''
 	for i := 0; i < bytes.cap; i++ {
 		bytes << u8(i)
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ fn test_bytes() {
 	assert result1 == [u8(0x13), 0x37, 0xca, 0xfe, 0xba, 0xbe]
 	assert sign1 == 1
 
-	mut bytes := []byte{cap: 1024}
+	mut bytes := []u8{cap: 1024}
 	mut expected := ''
 	for i := 0; i < bytes.cap; i++ {
 		bytes << u8(i | 1)

vlib/math/big/integer.v

@@ -108,13 +108,13 @@ pub struct IntegerConfig {
 
 // integer_from_bytes creates a new `big.Integer` from the given byte array. By default, positive integers are assumed. If you want a negative integer, use in the following manner:
 // `value := big.integer_from_bytes(bytes, signum: -1)`
-pub fn integer_from_bytes(input []byte, config IntegerConfig) Integer {
+pub fn integer_from_bytes(input []u8, config IntegerConfig) Integer {
 	// Thank you to Miccah (@mcastorina) for this implementation and relevant unit tests.
 	if input.len == 0 {
 		return integer_from_int(0)
 	}
 	// pad input
-	mut padded_input := []byte{len: ((input.len + 3) & ~0x3) - input.len, cap: (input.len + 3) & ~0x3, init: 0x0}
+	mut padded_input := []u8{len: ((input.len + 3) & ~0x3) - input.len, cap: (input.len + 3) & ~0x3, init: 0x0}
 	padded_input << input
 	mut digits := []u32{len: padded_input.len / 4}
 	// combine every 4 bytes into a u32 and insert into n.digits
@@ -778,11 +778,11 @@ pub fn (a Integer) int() int {
 
 // bytes returns the a byte representation of the integer a, along with the signum int.
 // NOTE: The byte array returned is in big endian order.
-pub fn (a Integer) bytes() ([]byte, int) {
+pub fn (a Integer) bytes() ([]u8, int) {
 	if a.signum == 0 {
-		return []byte{len: 0}, 0
+		return []u8{len: 0}, 0
 	}
-	mut result := []byte{cap: a.digits.len * 4}
+	mut result := []u8{cap: a.digits.len * 4}
 	mut mask := u32(0xff000000)
 	mut offset := 24
 	mut non_zero_found := false

vlib/math/unsigned/uint128.v

@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ pub fn (u_ Uint128) str() string {
 }
 
 // put_bytes stores u in b in little-endian order
-pub fn (u Uint128) put_bytes(mut b []byte) {
+pub fn (u Uint128) put_bytes(mut b []u8) {
 	binary.little_endian_put_u64(mut b, u.lo)
 	binary.little_endian_put_u64(mut b, u.hi)
 }

vlib/net/ftp/ftp.v

@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ mut:
 	port   int
 }
 
-fn (mut dtp DTP) read() ?[]byte {
+fn (mut dtp DTP) read() ?[]u8 {
-	mut data := []byte{}
+	mut data := []u8{}
-	mut buf := []byte{len: 1024}
+	mut buf := []u8{len: 1024}
 	for {
 		len := dtp.reader.read(mut buf) or { break }
 		if len == 0 {
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ pub fn (mut zftp FTP) dir() ?[]string {
 	return dir
 }
 
-pub fn (mut zftp FTP) get(file string) ?[]byte {
+pub fn (mut zftp FTP) get(file string) ?[]u8 {
 	mut dtp := zftp.pasv() or { return error('Cannot stablish data connection') }
 	zftp.write('RETR $file') ?
 	code, _ := zftp.read() ?

vlib/net/http/request.v

@@ -182,11 +182,11 @@ pub fn parse_request(mut reader io.BufferedReader) ?Request {
 	mut request := parse_request_head(mut reader) ?
 
 	// body
-	mut body := []byte{}
+	mut body := []u8{}
 	if length := request.header.get(.content_length) {
 		n := length.int()
 		if n > 0 {
-			body = []byte{len: n}
+			body = []u8{len: n}
 			mut count := 0
 			for count < body.len {
 				count += reader.read(mut body[count..]) or { break }