247 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
247 lines
7.3 KiB
Markdown
<div align="center">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<img width="80" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/donnisnoni95/v-logo/master/dist/v-logo.svg?sanitize=true">
|
|
</p>
|
|
<h1>The V Programming Language</h1>
|
|
|
|
[vlang.io](https://vlang.io) |
|
|
[Docs](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md) |
|
|
[Changelog](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md) |
|
|
[Speed](https://fast.vlang.io/) |
|
|
[Contributing](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div align="center">
|
|
|
|
[![Build Status][WorkflowBadge]][WorkflowUrl]
|
|
[![Sponsor][SponsorBadge]][SponsorUrl]
|
|
[![Patreon][PatreonBadge]][PatreonUrl]
|
|
[![Discord][DiscordBadge]][DiscordUrl]
|
|
[![Twitter][TwitterUrl]][TwitterBadge]
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
## Key Features of V
|
|
|
|
- Simplicity: the language can be learned in less than an hour
|
|
- Fast compilation: ≈80k loc/s with a Clang backend, ≈1 million loc/s with x64 and tcc backends *(Intel i5-7500, SSD, no optimization)*
|
|
- Easy to develop: V compiles itself in less than a second
|
|
- Performance: within 3% of C
|
|
- Safety: no null, no globals, no undefined behavior, immutability by default
|
|
- C to V translation
|
|
- Hot code reloading
|
|
- [Cross-platform UI library](https://github.com/vlang/ui)
|
|
- Built-in graphics library
|
|
- Easy cross compilation
|
|
- REPL
|
|
- [Built-in ORM](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/doc/docs.md#orm)
|
|
- [Built-in web framework](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/vlib/vweb/README.md)
|
|
- C and JavaScript backends
|
|
|
|
## Stability guarantee and future changes
|
|
|
|
Despite being at an early development stage, the V language is relatively stable and has
|
|
backwards compatibility guarantee, meaning that the code you write today is guaranteed
|
|
to work a month, a year, or five years from now.
|
|
|
|
There still may be minor syntax changes before the 1.0 release, but they will be handled
|
|
automatically via `vfmt`, as has been done in the past.
|
|
|
|
The V core APIs (primarily the `os` module) will still have minor changes until
|
|
they are stabilized in 2020. Of course the APIs will grow after that, but without breaking
|
|
existing code.
|
|
|
|
Unlike many other languages, V is not going to be always changing, with new features
|
|
being introduced and old features modified. It is always going to be a small and simple
|
|
language, very similar to the way it is right now.
|
|
|
|
## Installing V from source
|
|
|
|
### Linux, macOS, Windows, *BSD, Solaris, WSL, Android, Raspbian
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
git clone https://github.com/vlang/v
|
|
cd v
|
|
make
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
That's it! Now you have a V executable at `[path to V repo]/v`.
|
|
`[path to V repo]` can be anywhere.
|
|
|
|
(On Windows `make` means running `make.bat`, so make sure you use `cmd.exe`)
|
|
|
|
Now you can try `./v run examples/hello_world.v` (`v.exe` on Windows).
|
|
|
|
V is being constantly updated. To update V, simply run:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
v up
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### C compiler
|
|
|
|
It's recommended to use Clang or GCC or Visual Studio. If you are doing development, you most likely already have one of those installed.
|
|
|
|
Otherwise, follow these instructions:
|
|
|
|
- [Installing a C compiler on Linux and macOS](https://github.com/vlang/v/wiki/Installing-a-C-compiler-on-Linux-and-macOS)
|
|
|
|
- [Installing a C compiler on Windows](https://github.com/vlang/v/wiki/Installing-a-C-compiler-on-Windows)
|
|
|
|
However, if none is found when running `make` on Linux or Windows, TCC would be downloaded and set as an alternative C backend. It's very lightweight (several MB) so this shouldn't take too long.
|
|
|
|
### Symlinking
|
|
|
|
NB: it is *highly recommended*, that you put V on your PATH. That saves
|
|
you the effort to type in the full path to your v executable every time.
|
|
V provides a convenience `v symlink` command to do that more easily.
|
|
|
|
On Unix systems, it creates a `/usr/local/bin/v` symlink to your
|
|
executable. To do that, run:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
sudo ./v symlink
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
On Windows, start a new shell with administrative privileges, for
|
|
example by <kbd>Windows Key</kbd>, then type `cmd.exe`, right click on its menu
|
|
entry, and choose `Run as administrator`. In the new administrative
|
|
shell, cd to the path, where you have compiled v.exe, then type:
|
|
|
|
```bat
|
|
.\v.exe symlink
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
That will make v available everywhere, by adding it to your PATH.
|
|
Please restart your shell/editor after that, so that it can pick
|
|
the new PATH variable.
|
|
|
|
NB: there is no need to run `v symlink` more than once - v will
|
|
continue to be available, even after `v up`, restarts and so on.
|
|
You only need to run it again, if you decide to move the V repo
|
|
folder somewhere else.
|
|
|
|
### Docker
|
|
|
|
<details><summary>Expand Docker instructions</summary>
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
git clone https://github.com/vlang/v
|
|
cd v
|
|
docker build -t vlang .
|
|
docker run --rm -it vlang:latest
|
|
v
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Docker with Alpine/musl
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
git clone https://github.com/vlang/v
|
|
cd v
|
|
docker build -t vlang --file=Dockerfile.alpine .
|
|
docker run --rm -it vlang:latest
|
|
/usr/local/v/v
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
</details>
|
|
|
|
### Testing and running the examples
|
|
|
|
Make sure V can compile itself:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
v self
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
$ v
|
|
V 0.1.x
|
|
Use Ctrl-C or `exit` to exit
|
|
|
|
>>> println('hello world')
|
|
hello world
|
|
>>>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
cd examples
|
|
v hello_world.v && ./hello_world # or simply
|
|
v run hello_world.v # this builds the program and runs it right away
|
|
|
|
v word_counter.v && ./word_counter cinderella.txt
|
|
v run news_fetcher.v
|
|
v run tetris/tetris.v
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
<img src='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/v/master/examples/tetris/screenshot.png' width=300>
|
|
|
|
If you plan to use the http package, you also need to install OpenSSL on non-Windows systems.
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
macOS:
|
|
brew install openssl
|
|
|
|
Debian/Ubuntu:
|
|
sudo apt install libssl-dev
|
|
|
|
Arch/Manjaro:
|
|
openssl is installed by default
|
|
|
|
Fedora:
|
|
sudo dnf install openssl-devel
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## V UI
|
|
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/vlang/ui">
|
|
<img src='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/ui/master/examples/screenshot.png' width=712>
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
https://github.com/vlang/ui
|
|
|
|
<!---
|
|
## JavaScript backend
|
|
|
|
[examples/hello_v_js.v](examples/hello_v_js.v):
|
|
|
|
```v
|
|
fn main() {
|
|
for i in 0..3 {
|
|
println('Hello from V.js')
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
v -o hi.js examples/hello_v_js.v && node hi.js
|
|
Hello from V.js
|
|
Hello from V.js
|
|
Hello from V.js
|
|
```
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
## Developing web applications
|
|
|
|
Check out the [Building a simple web blog](https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/tutorials/building-a-simple-web-blog-with-vweb.md)
|
|
tutorial and Gitly, a light and fast alternative to GitHub/GitLab:
|
|
|
|
https://github.com/vlang/gitly
|
|
|
|
<img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/687996/85933714-b195fe80-b8da-11ea-9ddd-09cadc2103e4.png">
|
|
|
|
## Troubleshooting
|
|
|
|
Please see the [Troubleshooting](https://github.com/vlang/v/wiki/Troubleshooting) section on our [wiki page](https://github.com/vlang/v/wiki)
|
|
|
|
[WorkflowBadge]: https://github.com/vlang/v/workflows/CI/badge.svg
|
|
[DiscordBadge]: https://img.shields.io/discord/592103645835821068?label=Discord&logo=discord&logoColor=white
|
|
[PatreonBadge]: https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fshieldsio-patreon.herokuapp.com%2Fvlang%2Fpledges&label=Patreon
|
|
[SponsorBadge]: https://camo.githubusercontent.com/da8bc40db5ed31e4b12660245535b5db67aa03ce/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f7374617469632f76313f6c6162656c3d53706f6e736f72266d6573736167653d254532253944254134266c6f676f3d476974487562
|
|
[TwitterBadge]: https://twitter.com/v_language
|
|
|
|
[WorkflowUrl]: https://github.com/vlang/v/commits/master
|
|
[DiscordUrl]: https://discord.gg/vlang
|
|
[PatreonUrl]: https://patreon.com/vlang
|
|
[SponsorUrl]: https://github.com/sponsors/medvednikov
|
|
[TwitterUrl]: https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/v_language.svg?style=flatl&label=Follow&logo=twitter&logoColor=white&color=1da1f2
|