144 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
144 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
# The V Programming Language 0.1.x
|
|
|
|
[](https://travis-ci.org/vlang/v)
|
|
|
|
https://vlang.io
|
|
|
|
Documentation: https://vlang.io/docs
|
|
|
|
Twitter: https://twitter.com/v_language
|
|
|
|
Discord (primary community): https://discord.gg/n7c74HM
|
|
|
|
Installing V: https://github.com/vlang/v#installing-v-from-source
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Key Features of V
|
|
|
|
- Simplicity: the language can be learned in half an hour, less if you already know Go
|
|
- Fast compilation: ~100k loc/s right now, ~1.2 million loc/s once x64 generation is mature enough
|
|
- Easy to develop: V compiles itself in less than a second
|
|
- Performance: within 5% of C
|
|
- Safety: no null, no globals, no undefined behavior, immutability by default
|
|
- C to V translation
|
|
- Hot code reloading
|
|
- Powerful UI and graphics libraries
|
|
- Easy cross compilation
|
|
- REPL
|
|
|
|
V 1.0 release is planned for December 2019. Right now V is in an alpha stage.
|
|
|
|
## Notes
|
|
|
|
GitHub marks V's code as written in Go. It's actually written in V, GitHub doesn't support the language yet.
|
|
|
|
The compilation is temporarily slower for this release:
|
|
|
|
- Debug builds are used (use `./v -prod -o v compiler` to get faster compilation).
|
|
- vlib is recompiled with every program you build.
|
|
- The new formatter runs on every single token and slows the compiler down by ~20%. This will be taken care of.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Code structure
|
|
|
|
https://github.com/vlang/v/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md
|
|
|
|
## Installing V from source
|
|
|
|
### Linux, macOS, Windows, WSL, Android, Raspberry Pi
|
|
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
git clone https://github.com/vlang/v
|
|
cd v
|
|
make
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
That's it! Now you have a V executable at `[path to V repo]/v`. `[path to V repo]` can be anywhere.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### C compiler
|
|
|
|
You'll need Clang or GCC.
|
|
|
|
On macOS run `xcode-select --install` if you don't have XCode or XCode tools installed.
|
|
|
|
On Windows follow these instructions: [github.com/vlang/v/wiki/Installing-a-C-compiler-on-Windows](https://github.com/vlang/v/wiki/Installing-a-C-compiler-on-Windows)
|
|
|
|
### Building without make
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Download the V compiler's source translated to C
|
|
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/vc/master/v.c
|
|
cc -std=gnu11 -w -o v v.c -lm # Build it with Clang or GCC
|
|
./v -o v compiler # Use the resulting V binary to build V from V source
|
|
```
|
|
(These instructions won't work on Windows, use `make.bat` instead).
|
|
|
|
### Symlinking and updates
|
|
|
|
You can create a symlink so that it's globally available:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
sudo ln -s [path to V repo]/v /usr/local/bin/v
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
V is being constantly updated. To update V, simply run
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
git pull origin master
|
|
make
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Testing
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
$ cd examples
|
|
$ v run hello_world.v
|
|
hello world
|
|
|
|
$ v
|
|
V 0.1.x
|
|
Use Ctrl-D to exit
|
|
|
|
>>> println('hello world')
|
|
hello world
|
|
>>>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Now if you want, you can start tinkering with the compiler. If you introduce a breaking change and rebuild V, you will no longer be able to use V to build itself. So it's a good idea to make a backup copy of a working compiler executable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Running the examples
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
v hello_world.v && ./hello_world # or simply
|
|
v run hello_world.v # this builds the program and runs it right away
|
|
|
|
v word_counter.v && ./word_counter cinderella.txt
|
|
v run news_fetcher.v
|
|
v run tetris/tetris.v
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
<img src='https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vlang/v/master/examples/tetris/screenshot.png' width=300>
|
|
|
|
|
|
In order to build Tetris and anything else using the graphics module, you will need to install glfw and freetype.
|
|
|
|
If you plan to use the http package, you also need to install libcurl.
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
macOS:
|
|
brew install glfw freetype curl
|
|
|
|
Ubuntu:
|
|
sudo apt install libglfw3 libglfw3-dev libfreetype6-dev libcurl3-dev
|
|
|
|
Arch:
|
|
sudo pacman -S glfw-x11 curl freetype2
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
glfw and libcurl dependencies will be removed soon.
|