v/compiler/parser.v

// Copyright (c) 2019 Alexander Medvednikov. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT license
// that can be found in the LICENSE file.

module main

import (
	os
	strings
)

// TODO rename to Token
// TODO rename enum Token to TokenType
struct Tok {
	tok      Token  // the token number/enum; for quick comparisons
	lit      string // literal representation of the token
	line_nr  int // the line number in the source where the token occured
	name_idx int // name table index for O(1) lookup
	col      int // the column where the token ends
}

struct Parser {
	id             string // unique id. if parsing file will be same as file_path
	file_path      string // "/home/user/hello.v"
	file_name      string // "hello.v"
	file_platform  string // ".v", "_win.v", "_nix.v", "_mac.v", "_lin.v" ...
	// When p.file_pcguard != '', it contains a
	// C ifdef guard clause that must be put before
	// the #include directives in the parsed .v file
	file_pcguard   string
	v              &V
	pref           &Preferences // Preferences shared from V struct
mut:
	scanner        &Scanner
	tokens         []Tok
	token_idx      int
	tok            Token
	prev_tok       Token
	prev_tok2      Token // TODO remove these once the tokens are cached
	lit            string
	cgen           &CGen
	table          &Table
	import_table   FileImportTable // Holds imports for just the file being parsed
	pass           Pass
	os             OS
	mod            string
	inside_const   bool
	expr_var       Var
	has_immutable_field bool
	first_immutable_field Var
	assigned_type  string // non-empty if we are in an assignment expression
	expected_type  string
	tmp_cnt        int
	is_script      bool
	builtin_mod    bool
	vh_lines       []string
	inside_if_expr bool
	inside_unwrapping_match_statement bool
	inside_return_expr bool
	is_struct_init bool
	if_expr_cnt    int
	for_expr_cnt   int // to detect whether `continue` can be used
	ptr_cast       bool
	calling_c      bool
	cur_fn         Fn
	local_vars     []Var // local function variables
	var_idx       int
	returns        bool
	vroot          string
	is_c_struct_init bool
	is_empty_c_struct_init bool
	is_c_fn_call bool
	can_chash bool
	attr string
	v_script bool // "V bash", import all os functions into global space
	var_decl_name string 	// To allow declaring the variable so that it can be used in the struct initialization
	is_alloc   bool // Whether current expression resulted in an allocation
	is_const_literal bool // `1`, `2.0` etc, so that `u64 == 0` works
	cur_gen_type string // "App" to replace "T" in current generic function
	is_vweb bool
	is_sql bool
	is_js bool
	sql_i int  // $1 $2 $3
	sql_params []string // ("select * from users where id = $1", ***"100"***)
	sql_types []string // int, string and so on; see sql_params
}

const (
	EmptyFn = Fn{}
	MainFn= Fn{name:'main'}
)

const (
	MaxModuleDepth = 4
)

// new parser from string. unique id specified in `id`.
// tip: use a hashing function to auto generate `id` from `text` eg. sha1.hexhash(text)
fn (v mut V) new_parser_string(text string, id string) Parser {
	mut p := v.new_parser(new_scanner(text), id)
	p.scan_tokens()
	v.add_parser(p)
	return p
}

// new parser from file.
fn (v mut V) new_parser_file(path string) Parser {
	//println('new_parser("$path")')
	mut path_pcguard := ''
	mut path_platform := '.v'
	for path_ending in ['_lin.v', '_mac.v', '_win.v', '_nix.v'] {
		if path.ends_with(path_ending) {
			path_platform = path_ending
			path_pcguard = platform_postfix_to_ifdefguard( path_ending )
			break
		}		
	}

	mut p := v.new_parser(new_scanner_file(path), path)
	p = { p|
		file_path: path,
		file_name: path.all_after('/'),
		file_platform: path_platform,
		file_pcguard: path_pcguard,
		is_script: (v.pref.is_script && path == v.dir)
	}
	if p.pref.building_v {
		p.scanner.should_print_relative_paths_on_error = false
	}
	v.cgen.file = path
	p.scan_tokens()
	//p.scanner.debug_tokens()
	v.add_parser(p)

	return p
}

// creates a new parser. most likely you will want to use
// `new_parser_file` or `new_parser_string` instead.
fn (v mut V) new_parser(scanner &Scanner, id string) Parser {
	mut p := Parser {
		id: id
		scanner: scanner
		v: v
		table: v.table
		cur_fn: EmptyFn
		cgen: v.cgen
		is_script: false
		pref: v.pref
		os: v.os
		vroot: v.vroot
		local_vars: [Var{}].repeat(MaxLocalVars)
		import_table: v.table.get_file_import_table(id)
	}
	$if js {
		p.is_js = true
	}
	if p.pref.is_repl {
		p.scanner.should_print_line_on_error = false
		p.scanner.should_print_errors_in_color = false
		p.scanner.should_print_relative_paths_on_error = true
	}
	v.cgen.line_directives = v.pref.is_debuggable
	// v.cgen.file = path
	return p
}

fn (p mut Parser) scan_tokens() {
	for {
		res := p.scanner.scan()
		p.tokens << Tok{
				tok: res.tok
				lit: res.lit
				line_nr: p.scanner.line_nr
				col: p.scanner.pos - p.scanner.last_nl_pos
		}
		if res.tok == .eof {
				break
		}
	}
}

fn (p mut Parser) set_current_fn(f Fn) {
	p.cur_fn = f
	//p.cur_fn = p.table.fns[f.name]
	p.scanner.fn_name = '${f.mod}.${f.name}'
}

fn (p mut Parser) next() {
	 p.prev_tok2 = p.prev_tok
	 p.prev_tok = p.tok
	 p.scanner.prev_tok = p.tok
	 if p.token_idx >= p.tokens.len {
			 p.tok = Token.eof
			 p.lit = ''
			 return
	 }
	 res := p.tokens[p.token_idx]
	 p.token_idx++
	 p.tok = res.tok
	 p.lit = res.lit
	 p.scanner.line_nr = res.line_nr
}

fn (p & Parser) peek() Token {
	if p.token_idx >= p.tokens.len - 2 {
		return Token.eof
	}
	tok := p.tokens[p.token_idx]
	return tok.tok
}

// TODO remove dups
[inline] fn (p &Parser) prev_token() Tok {
	return p.tokens[p.token_idx - 2]
}	

[inline] fn (p &Parser) cur_tok() Tok {
	return p.tokens[p.token_idx - 1]
}	
[inline] fn (p &Parser) peek_token() Tok {
	if p.token_idx >= p.tokens.len - 2 {
		return Tok{ tok:Token.eof }
	}
	return p.tokens[p.token_idx]
}

fn (p &Parser) log(s string) {
/*
	if !p.pref.is_verbose {
		return
	}
	println(s)
*/
}

fn (p mut Parser) parse(pass Pass) {
	p.pass = pass
	p.token_idx = 0
	p.next()
	//p.log('\nparse() run=$p.pass file=$p.file_name tok=${p.strtok()}')// , "script_file=", script_file)
	// `module main` is not required if it's a single file program
	if p.is_script || p.pref.is_test {
		p.mod = 'main'
		// User may still specify `module main`
		if p.tok == .key_module {
			p.next()
			p.fgen('module ')
			p.mod = p.check_name()
		}
	}
	else {
		p.check(.key_module)
		p.fspace()
		p.mod = p.check_name()
	}
	p.fgenln('\n')
	p.builtin_mod = p.mod == 'builtin'
	p.can_chash = p.mod=='ui' || p.mod == 'darwin'// TODO tmp remove
	// Import pass - the first and the smallest pass that only analyzes imports
	// fully qualify the module name, eg base64 to encoding.base64
	fq_mod := p.table.qualify_module(p.mod, p.file_path)
	p.import_table.module_name = fq_mod
	p.table.register_module(fq_mod)
	// replace "." with "_dot_" in module name for C variable names
	p.mod = fq_mod.replace('.', '_dot_')
	if p.pass == .imports {
		for p.tok == .key_import && p.peek() != .key_const {
			p.imports()
		}
		if 'builtin' in p.table.imports {
			p.error('module `builtin` cannot be imported')
		}
		// save file import table
		p.table.file_imports[p.id] = p.import_table
		return
	}
	// Go through every top level token or throw a compilation error if a non-top level token is met
	for {
		switch p.tok {
		case .key_import:
			if p.peek() == .key_const {
				p.const_decl()
			}
			else {
				// TODO remove imported consts from the language
				p.imports()
				if p.tok != .key_import {
					p.fgenln('')
				}
			}
		case Token.key_enum:
			p.next()
			if p.tok == .name {
				p.fgen('enum ')
				name := p.check_name()
				p.fgen(' ')
				p.enum_decl(name)
			}
			// enum without a name, only allowed in code, translated from C
			// it's a very bad practice in C as well, but is used unfortunately (for example, by DOOM)
			// such fields are basically int consts
			else if p.pref.translated {
				p.enum_decl('int')
			}
			else {
				p.check(.name)
			}
		case Token.key_pub:
			if p.peek() == .func {
				p.fn_decl()
			} else if p.peek() == .key_struct {
				p.error('structs can\'t be declared public *yet*')
				// TODO public structs
			} else {
				p.error('wrong pub keyword usage')
			}
		case Token.func:
			p.fn_decl()
		case Token.key_type:
			p.type_decl()
		case Token.lsbr:
			// `[` can only mean an [attribute] before a function
			// or a struct definition
			p.attribute()
		case Token.key_struct, Token.key_interface, Token.key_union, Token.lsbr:
			p.struct_decl()
		case Token.key_const:
			p.const_decl()
		case Token.hash:
			// insert C code, TODO this is going to be removed ASAP
			// some libraries (like UI) still have lots of C code
			// # puts("hello");
			p.chash()
		case Token.dollar:
			// $if, $else
			p.comp_time()
		case Token.key_global:
			if !p.pref.translated && !p.pref.is_live &&
				!p.builtin_mod && !p.pref.building_v && !os.getwd().contains('/volt') {
				p.error('__global is only allowed in translated code')
			}
			p.next()
			name := p.check_name()
			typ := p.get_type()
			p.register_global(name, typ)
			// p.genln(p.table.cgen_name_type_pair(name, typ))
			mut g := p.table.cgen_name_type_pair(name, typ)
			if p.tok == .assign {
				p.next()
				// p.gen(' = ')
				g += ' = '
				p.cgen.start_tmp()
				p.bool_expression()
				// g += '<<< ' + p.cgen.end_tmp() + '>>>'
				g += p.cgen.end_tmp()
			}
			// p.genln('; // global')
			g += '; // global'
			p.cgen.consts << g
		case Token.eof:
			//p.log('end of parse()')
			// TODO: check why this was added? everything seems to work
			// without it, and it's already happening in fn_decl
			// if p.is_script && !p.pref.is_test {
			// 	p.set_current_fn( MainFn )
			// 	p.check_unused_variables()
			// }
			if !p.first_pass() && !p.pref.is_repl {
				p.check_unused_imports()
			}
			if false && !p.first_pass() && p.fileis('main.v') {
				out := os.create('/var/tmp/fmt.v') or {
					verror('failed to create fmt.v')
					return
				}
				out.writeln(p.scanner.fmt_out.str())
				out.close()
			}
			return
		default:
			// no `fn main`, add this "global" statement to cgen.fn_main
			if p.is_script && !p.pref.is_test {
				// cur_fn is empty since there was no fn main declared
				// we need to set it to save and find variables
				if p.first_pass() {
					if p.cur_fn.name == '' {
						p.set_current_fn( MainFn )
					}
					return
				}
				if p.cur_fn.name == '' {
					p.set_current_fn( MainFn )
					if p.pref.is_repl {
						p.clear_vars()
					}
				}
				mut start := p.cgen.lines.len
				p.statement(true)
				if p.cgen.lines[start - 1] != '' && p.cgen.fn_main != '' {
					start--
				}
				p.genln('')
				end := p.cgen.lines.len
				lines := p.cgen.lines.slice(start, end)
				//mut line := p.cgen.fn_main + lines.join('\n')
				//line = line.trim_space()
				p.cgen.fn_main = p.cgen.fn_main + lines.join('\n')
				p.cgen.resetln('')
				for i := start; i < end; i++ {
					p.cgen.lines[i] = ''
				}
			}
			else {
				p.error('unexpected token `${p.strtok()}`')
			}
		}
	}
}

fn (p mut Parser) imports() {
	p.check(.key_import)
	// `import ()`
	if p.tok == .lpar {
		p.check(.lpar)
		for p.tok != .rpar && p.tok != .eof {
			p.import_statement()
		}
		p.check(.rpar)
		return
	}
	// `import foo`
	p.import_statement()
}

fn (p mut Parser) import_statement() {
	if p.tok != .name {
		p.error('bad import format')
	}
	if p.peek() == .number { // && p.scanner.text[p.scanner.pos + 1] == `.` {
		p.error('bad import format. module/submodule names cannot begin with a number')
	}
	mut mod := p.check_name().trim_space()
	mut mod_alias := mod
	// submodule support
	mut depth := 1
	for p.tok == .dot {
		p.check(.dot)
		submodule := p.check_name()
		mod_alias = submodule
		mod += '.' + submodule
		depth++
		if depth > MaxModuleDepth {
			p.error('module depth of $MaxModuleDepth exceeded: $mod')
		}
	}
	// aliasing (import encoding.base64 as b64)
	if p.tok == .key_as && p.peek() == .name {
		p.check(.key_as)
		mod_alias = p.check_name()
	}
	// add import to file scope import table
	p.import_table.register_alias(mod_alias, mod)
	// Make sure there are no duplicate imports
	if mod in p.table.imports {
		return
	}
	//p.log('adding import $mod')
	p.table.imports << mod
	p.table.register_module(mod)
	
	p.fgenln(' ' + mod)
}

fn (p mut Parser) const_decl() {
	if p.tok == .key_import {
		p.error_with_token_index(
			'`import const` was removed from the language, ' +
			'because predeclaring C constants is not needed anymore. ' +
			'You can use them directly with C.CONST_NAME',
			p.cur_tok_index()
		)
	}
	p.inside_const = true
	p.check(.key_const)
	p.fspace()
	p.check(.lpar)
	p.fgenln('')
	p.fmt_inc()
	for p.tok == .name {
		if p.lit == '_' && p.peek() == .assign {
			p.gen_blank_identifier_assign()
			p.cgen.consts_init << p.cgen.cur_line.trim_space()
			p.cgen.resetln('')
			continue
		}
		// `Age = 20`
		mut name := p.check_name()
		//if ! (name[0] >= `A` && name[0] <= `Z`) {
			//p.error('const name must be capitalized')
		//}
		name = p.prepend_mod(name)
		p.check_space(.assign)
		typ := p.expression()
		if p.first_pass()  && p.table.known_const(name) {
			p.error('redefinition of `$name`')
		}
		p.table.register_const(name, typ, p.mod)
		if p.pass == .main {
			// TODO hack
			// cur_line has const's value right now. if it's just a number, then optimize generation:
			// output a #define so that we don't pollute the binary with unnecessary global vars
			if is_compile_time_const(p.cgen.cur_line) {
				p.cgen.consts << '#define $name $p.cgen.cur_line'
				p.cgen.resetln('')
				p.fgenln('')
				continue
			}
			if typ.starts_with('[') {
				p.cgen.consts << p.table.cgen_name_type_pair(name, typ) +
				' = $p.cgen.cur_line;'
			}
			else {
				p.cgen.consts << p.table.cgen_name_type_pair(name, typ) + ';'
				p.cgen.consts_init << '$name = $p.cgen.cur_line;'
			}
			p.cgen.resetln('')
		}
		p.fgenln('')
	}
	p.fmt_dec()
	p.check(.rpar)
	p.fgenln('\n')
	p.inside_const = false
}

// `type myint int`
// `type onclickfn fn(voidptr) int`
fn (p mut Parser) type_decl() {
	p.check(.key_type)
	name := p.check_name()
	// V used to have 'type Foo struct', many Go users might use this syntax
	if p.tok == .key_struct {
		p.error('use `struct $name {` instead of `type $name struct {`')
	}
	parent := p.get_type2()
	nt_pair := p.table.cgen_name_type_pair(name, parent.name)
	// TODO dirty C typedef hacks for DOOM
	// Unknown type probably means it's a struct, and it's used before the struct is defined,
	// so specify "struct"
	_struct := if parent.cat != .array && parent.cat != .func &&
		!p.table.known_type(parent.name) {
		'struct'
	} else {
		''
	}
	p.gen_typedef('typedef $_struct $nt_pair; //type alias name="$name" parent=`$parent.name`')
	p.register_type_with_parent(name, parent.name)
}

// current token is `(`
fn (p mut Parser) interface_method(field_name, receiver string) &Fn {
	mut method := &Fn {
		name: field_name
		is_interface: true
		is_method: true
		receiver_typ: receiver
	}
	//p.log('is interface. field=$field_name run=$p.pass')
	p.fn_args(mut method)
	prev_tok := p.prev_token()
	cur_tok := p.cur_tok()
	// No type on the same line, this method doesn't return a type, process next
	if prev_tok.line_nr != cur_tok.line_nr {
		method.typ = 'void'
	} else {
		method.typ = p.get_type()// method return type
		p.fspace()
		p.fgenln('')
	}
	return method
}

fn key_to_type_cat(tok Token) TypeCategory {
	switch tok {
	case Token.key_interface:  return TypeCategory.interface_
	case Token.key_struct: return TypeCategory.struct_
	case Token.key_union: return TypeCategory.union_
	//Token.key_ => return .interface_
	}
	verror('Unknown token: $tok')
	return TypeCategory.builtin
}

// also unions and interfaces
fn (p mut Parser) struct_decl() {
	// V can generate Objective C for integration with Cocoa
	// `[objc_interface:ParentInterface]`
	is_objc := p.attr.starts_with('objc_interface')
	objc_parent := if is_objc { p.attr.right(15) } else { '' }
	// interface, union, struct
	is_interface := p.tok == .key_interface
	is_union := p.tok == .key_union
	is_struct := p.tok == .key_struct
	mut cat := key_to_type_cat(p.tok)
	if is_objc {
		cat = .objc_interface
	}	
	p.fgen(p.tok.str() + ' ')
	// Get type name
	p.next()
	mut name := p.check_name()
	if name.contains('_') && !p.pref.translated {
		p.error('type names cannot contain `_`')
	}
	if !p.builtin_mod && !name[0].is_capital() {
		p.error('struct names must be capitalized: use `struct ${name.capitalize()}`')
	}	
	if is_interface && !name.ends_with('er') {
		p.error('interface names temporarily have to end with `er` (e.g. `Speaker`, `Reader`)')
	}
	is_c := name == 'C' && p.tok == .dot
	if is_c {
		p.check(.dot)
		name = p.check_name()
		cat = .c_struct
		if p.attr == 'typedef' {
			cat = .c_typedef
		}
	}
	if !is_c && !good_type_name(name) {
		p.error('bad struct name, e.g. use `HttpRequest` instead of `HTTPRequest`')
	}
	// Specify full type name
	if !is_c && !p.builtin_mod && p.mod != 'main' {
		name = p.prepend_mod(name)
	}
	mut typ := p.table.find_type(name)
	if p.pass == .decl && p.table.known_type_fast(typ) {
		p.error('`$name` redeclared')
	}
	if is_objc {
		// Forward declaration of an Objective-C interface with `@class` :)
		p.gen_typedef('@class $name;')
	}	
	else if !is_c {
		kind := if is_union {'union'} else {'struct'}
		p.gen_typedef('typedef $kind $name $name;')
	}
	// Register the type
	mut is_ph := false
	if typ.is_placeholder {
		// Update the placeholder
		is_ph = true
		typ.name = name
		typ.mod = p.mod
		typ.is_c = is_c
		typ.is_placeholder = false
		typ.cat = cat
		typ.parent = objc_parent
		p.table.rewrite_type(typ)
	}
	else {
		typ = Type {
			name: name
			mod: p.mod
			is_c: is_c
			cat: cat
			parent: objc_parent
		}
	}
	// Struct `C.Foo` declaration, no body
	if is_c && is_struct && p.tok != .lcbr {
		p.table.register_type2(typ)
		return
	}
	p.fgen(' ')
	p.check(.lcbr)
	// Struct fields
	mut is_pub := false
	mut is_mut := false
	mut names := []string// to avoid dup names TODO alloc perf
/*
	mut fmt_max_len := 0
	for field in typ.fields  {
		if field.name.len > max_len {
			fmt_max_len = field.name.len
		}
	}
	println('fmt max len = $max_len nrfields=$typ.fields.len pass=$p.pass')
*/

	if !is_ph && p.first_pass() {
		p.table.register_type2(typ)
		//println('registering 1 nrfields=$typ.fields.len')
	}
	
	mut did_gen_something := false
	for p.tok != .rcbr {
		if p.tok == .key_pub {
			if is_pub {
				p.error('structs can only have one `pub:`, all public fields have to be grouped')
			}
			is_pub = true
			p.fmt_dec()
			p.check(.key_pub)
			if p.tok != .key_mut {
				p.check(.colon)
			}
			p.fmt_inc()
			p.fgenln('')
		}
		if p.tok == .key_mut {
			if is_mut {
				p.error('structs can only have one `mut:`, all private key_mut fields have to be grouped')
			}
			is_mut = true
			p.fmt_dec()
			p.check(.key_mut)
			if p.tok != .key_mut {
				p.check(.colon)
			}
			p.fmt_inc()
			p.fgenln('')
		}
		// if is_pub {
		// }
		// (mut) user *User
		// if p.tok == .plus {
		// p.next()
		// }
		// Check if reserved name
		field_name_token_idx := p.cur_tok_index()
		field_name := if name != 'Option' { p.table.var_cgen_name(p.check_name()) } else { p.check_name() }
		// Check dups
		if field_name in names {
			p.error('duplicate field `$field_name`')
		}
		if !is_c && p.mod != 'os' && contains_capital(field_name) {
			p.error('struct fields cannot contain uppercase letters, use snake_case instead')
		}
		names << field_name
		// We are in an interface?
		// `run() string` => run is a method, not a struct field
		if is_interface {
			f := p.interface_method(field_name, name)
			if p.first_pass() {
				p.add_method(typ.name, f)
			}
			continue
		}
		// `pub` access mod
		access_mod := if is_pub{AccessMod.public} else { AccessMod.private}
		p.fgen(' ')
		field_type := p.get_type()
		if field_type == name {
			p.error_with_token_index( 'cannot embed struct `$name` in itself (field `$field_name`)', field_name_token_idx)
		}
		p.check_and_register_used_imported_type(field_type)
		is_atomic := p.tok == .key_atomic
		if is_atomic {
			p.next()
		}
		// [ATTR]
		mut attr := ''
		if p.tok == .lsbr {
			p.next()
			attr = p.check_name()
			if p.tok == .colon {
				p.check(.colon)
				attr += ':' + p.check_name()
			}
			p.check(.rsbr)
		}
		if attr == 'raw' && field_type != 'string' {
			p.error('struct field with attribute "raw" should be of type "string" but got "$field_type"')
		}

		did_gen_something = true
		if p.first_pass() {
			p.table.add_field(typ.name, field_name, field_type, is_mut, attr, access_mod)
		}
		p.fgenln('')
	}
	p.check(.rcbr)
	if !is_c {
		if !did_gen_something {
			if p.first_pass() {
				p.table.add_field(typ.name, '', 'EMPTY_STRUCT_DECLARATION', false, '', .private)
			}
		}
	}
	p.fgenln('\n')
}

fn (p mut Parser) enum_decl(_enum_name string) {
	mut enum_name := _enum_name
	// Specify full type name
	if !p.builtin_mod && p.mod != 'main' {
		enum_name = p.prepend_mod(enum_name)
	}
	// Skip empty enums
	if enum_name != 'int' && !p.first_pass() {
		p.cgen.typedefs << 'typedef int $enum_name;'
	}
	p.check(.lcbr)
	mut val := 0
	mut fields := []string
	for p.tok == .name {
		field := p.check_name()
		fields << field
		p.fgenln('')
		name := '${p.mod}__${enum_name}_$field'
		if p.pass == .main {
			p.cgen.consts << '#define $name $val'
		}
		if p.tok == .comma {
			p.next()
		}
		// !!!! NAME free
		p.table.register_const(name, enum_name, p.mod)
		val++
	}
	p.table.register_type2(Type {
		name: enum_name
		mod: p.mod
		parent: 'int'
		cat: TypeCategory.enum_
		enum_vals: fields.clone()
	})
	p.check(.rcbr)
	p.fgenln('\n')
}

// check_name checks for a name token and returns its literal
fn (p mut Parser) check_name() string {
	name := p.lit
	p.check(.name)
	return name
}

fn (p mut Parser) check_string() string {
	s := p.lit
	p.check(.str)
	return s
}

fn (p &Parser) strtok() string {
	if p.tok == .name {
		return p.lit
	}
	if p.tok == .str {
		return '"$p.lit"'
	}
	res := p.tok.str()
	if res == '' {
		n := int(p.tok)
		return n.str()
	}
	return res
}

// same as check(), but adds a space to the formatter output
// TODO bad name
fn (p mut Parser) check_space(expected Token) {
	p.fspace()
	p.check(expected)
	p.fspace()
}

fn (p mut Parser) check(expected Token) {
	if p.tok != expected {
		println('check()')
		s := 'expected `${expected.str()}` but got `${p.strtok()}`'
		p.next()
		println('next token = `${p.strtok()}`')
		print_backtrace()
		p.error(s)
	}
	/*
	if expected == .rcbr {
		p.fmt_dec()
	}
	p.fgen(p.strtok())
	// vfmt: increase indentation on `{` unless it's `{}`
	// TODO
	if expected == .lcbr && p.scanner.pos + 1 < p.scanner.text.len && p.scanner.text[p.scanner.pos + 1] != `}` {
		p.fgenln('')
		p.fmt_inc()
	}
	*/
	p.next()

if p.scanner.line_comment != '' {
	//p.fgenln('// ! "$p.scanner.line_comment"')
	//p.scanner.line_comment = ''
}
}


fn (p &Parser) first_pass() bool {
	return p.pass == .decl
}

// TODO return Type instead of string?
fn (p mut Parser) get_type() string {
	mut mul := false
	mut nr_muls := 0
	mut typ := ''
	// multiple returns
	if p.tok == .lpar {
		// if p.inside_tuple {p.error('unexpected (')}
		// p.inside_tuple = true
		p.check(.lpar)
		mut types := []string
		for {
			types << p.get_type()
			if p.tok != .comma {
				break
			}
			p.check(.comma)
		}
		p.check(.rpar)
		// p.inside_tuple = false
		return '_V_MulRet_' + types.join('_V_').replace('*', '_PTR_')
	}
	// fn type
	if p.tok == .func {
		mut f := Fn{name: '_', mod: p.mod}
		p.next()
		line_nr := p.scanner.line_nr
		p.fn_args(mut f)
		// Same line, it's a return type
		if p.scanner.line_nr == line_nr {
			if p.tok == .name {
				f.typ = p.get_type()
			}
			else {
				f.typ = 'void'
			}
			// println('fn return typ=$f.typ')
		}
		else {
			f.typ = 'void'
		}
		// Register anon fn type
		fn_typ := Type {
			name: f.typ_str()// 'fn (int, int) string'
			mod: p.mod
			func: f
		}
		p.table.register_type2(fn_typ)
		return f.typ_str()
	}
	// arrays ([]int)
	mut is_arr := false
	mut is_arr2 := false// [][]int TODO remove this and allow unlimited levels of arrays
	is_question := p.tok == .question
	if is_question {
		p.check(.question)
	}
	if p.tok == .lsbr {
		p.check(.lsbr)
		// [10]int
		if p.tok == .number {
			typ = '[$p.lit]'
			p.next()
		}
		else {
			is_arr = true
		}
		p.check(.rsbr)
		// [10][3]int
		if p.tok == .lsbr {
			p.next()
			if p.tok == .number {
				typ += '[$p.lit]'
				p.check(.number)
			}
			else {
				is_arr2 = true
			}
			p.check(.rsbr)
		}
	}
	// map[string]int
	if !p.builtin_mod && p.tok == .name && p.lit == 'map' {
		p.next()
		p.check(.lsbr)
		key_type := p.check_name()
		if key_type != 'string' {
			p.error('maps only support string keys for now')
		}
		p.check(.rsbr)
		val_type := p.get_type()// p.check_name()
		typ = 'map_$val_type'
		p.register_map(typ)
		return typ
	}
	//
	mut warn := false
	for p.tok == .mul {
		if p.first_pass() {
			warn = true
		}
		mul = true
		nr_muls++
		p.check(.mul)
	}
	if p.tok == .amp {
		mul = true
		nr_muls++
		p.check(.amp)
	}
	typ += p.lit
	if !p.is_struct_init {
		// Otherwise we get `foo := FooFoo{` because `Foo` was already
		// generated in name_expr()
		p.fgen(p.lit)
	}
	// C.Struct import
	if p.lit == 'C' && p.peek() == .dot {
		p.next()
		p.check(.dot)
		typ = p.lit
	}
	else {
		if warn && p.mod != 'ui' {
			p.warn('use `&Foo` instead of `*Foo`')
		}
		// Module specified? (e.g. gx.Image)
		if p.peek() == .dot {
			// try resolve full submodule
			if !p.builtin_mod && p.import_table.known_alias(typ) {
				mod := p.import_table.resolve_alias(typ)
				if mod.contains('.') {
					typ = mod.replace('.', '_dot_')
				}
			}
			p.next()
			p.check(.dot)
			typ += '__$p.lit'
		}
		mut t := p.table.find_type(typ)
		if typ == 'V' {
			//println('QQ V res=$t.name')
			}
		// "typ" not found? try "mod__typ"
		if t.name == '' && !p.builtin_mod {
			// && !p.first_pass() {
			if !typ.contains('array_') && p.mod != 'main' && !typ.contains('__') &&
				!typ.starts_with('[') {
				typ = p.prepend_mod(typ)
			}
			t = p.table.find_type(typ)
			if t.name == '' && !p.pref.translated && !p.first_pass() && !typ.starts_with('[') {
				println('get_type() bad type')
				// println('all registered types:')
				// for q in p.table.types {
				// println(q.name)
				// }
				p.error('unknown type `$typ`')
			}
		}
	}
	if typ == 'void' {
		p.error('unknown type `$typ`')
	}
	if mul {
		typ += strings.repeat(`*`, nr_muls)
	}
	// Register an []array type
	if is_arr2 {
		typ = 'array_array_$typ'
		p.register_array(typ)
	}
	else if is_arr {
		typ = 'array_$typ'
		// p.log('ARR TYPE="$typ" run=$p.pass')
		// We come across "[]User" etc ?
		p.register_array(typ)
	}
	p.next()
	if is_question {
		typ = 'Option_$typ'
		p.table.register_type_with_parent(typ, 'Option')
	}
	// Because the code uses * to see if it's a pointer
	if typ == 'byteptr' {
		return 'byte*'
	}
	if typ == 'voidptr' {
		//if !p.builtin_mod && p.mod != 'os' && p.mod != 'gx' && p.mod != 'gg' && !p.pref.translated {
			//p.error('voidptr can only be used in unsafe code')
		//}
		return 'void*'
	}
	if typ.last_index('__') > typ.index('__') {
		p.error('2 __ in gettype(): typ="$typ"')
	}
	return typ
}

fn (p &Parser) print_tok() {
	if p.tok == .name {
		println(p.lit)
		return
	}
	if p.tok == .str {
		println('"$p.lit"')
		return
	}
	println(p.tok.str())
}

// statements() returns the type of the last statement
fn (p mut Parser) statements() string {
	//p.log('statements()')
	typ := p.statements_no_rcbr()
	if !p.inside_if_expr {
		p.genln('}')
	}
	//if p.fileis('if_expr') {
		//println('statements() ret=$typ line=$p.scanner.line_nr')
	//}
	return typ
}

fn (p mut Parser) statements_no_rcbr() string {
	p.open_scope()

	if !p.inside_if_expr {
		p.genln('')
	}
	mut i := 0
	mut last_st_typ := ''
	for p.tok != .rcbr && p.tok != .eof && p.tok != .key_case &&
		p.tok != .key_default && p.peek() != .arrow {
		// println(p.tok.str())
		// p.print_tok()
		last_st_typ = p.statement(true)
		// println('last st typ=$last_st_typ')
		if !p.inside_if_expr {
			p.genln('')// // end st tok= ${p.strtok()}')
			p.fgenln('')
		}
		i++
		if i > 50000 {
			p.cgen.save()
			p.error('more than 50 000 statements in function `$p.cur_fn.name`')
		}
	}
	if p.tok != .key_case && p.tok != .key_default && p.peek() != .arrow {
		// p.next()
		p.check(.rcbr)
	}
	else {
		// p.check(.rcbr)
	}
	//p.fmt_dec()
	// println('close scope line=$p.scanner.line_nr')

	p.close_scope()
	return last_st_typ
}

fn (p mut Parser) close_scope() {
	// println('close_scope level=$f.scope_level var_idx=$f.var_idx')
	// Move back `var_idx` (pointer to the end of the array) till we reach
	// the previous scope level.  This effectivly deletes (closes) current
	// scope.
	mut i := p.var_idx - 1
	for ; i >= 0; i-- {
		v := p.local_vars[i]
		if v.scope_level != p.cur_fn.scope_level {
			break
		}
		// Clean up memory, only do this if -autofree was passed for now
		if p.pref.autofree && v.is_alloc { // && !p.pref.is_test {
			mut free_fn := 'free'
			if v.typ.starts_with('array_') {
				free_fn = 'v_array_free'
			} else if v.typ == 'string' {
				free_fn = 'v_string_free'
				//if p.fileis('str.v') {
					//println('freeing str $v.name')
				//}
				//continue
			}	else if v.ptr || v.typ.ends_with('*') {
				free_fn = 'v_ptr_free'
				//continue
			}	 else {
				continue
			}	
			if p.returns {
				// Don't free a variable that's being returned
				if !v.is_returned && v.typ != 'FILE*' { //!v.is_c {
					prev_line := p.cgen.lines[p.cgen.lines.len-2]
					p.cgen.lines[p.cgen.lines.len-2] =
						'$free_fn($v.name); /* :) close_scope free $v.typ */' + prev_line
				}
			} else {
				p.genln('$free_fn($v.name); // close_scope free')
			}
		}
	}
	if p.cur_fn.defer_text.last() != '' {
		p.genln(p.cur_fn.defer_text.last())
		//p.cur_fn.defer_text[f] = ''
	}
	p.cur_fn.scope_level--
	p.cur_fn.defer_text = p.cur_fn.defer_text.left(p.cur_fn.scope_level + 1)
	p.var_idx = i + 1
	// println('close_scope new var_idx=$f.var_idx\n')
}

fn (p mut Parser) genln(s string) {
	p.cgen.genln(s)
}

fn (p mut Parser) gen(s string) {
	p.cgen.gen(s)
}

// Generate V header from V source
fn (p mut Parser) vh_genln(s string) {
	p.vh_lines << s
}

fn (p mut Parser) statement(add_semi bool) string {
	if p.returns && !p.is_vweb {
		p.error('unreachable code')
	}
	p.cgen.is_tmp = false
	tok := p.tok
	mut q := ''
	switch tok {
	case .name:
		next := p.peek()
		if p.pref.is_verbose {
			println(next.str())
		}
		// goto_label:
		if p.peek() == .colon {
			p.fmt_dec()
			label := p.check_name()
			p.fmt_inc()
			p.genln(label + ':')
			p.check(.colon)
			return ''
		}
		// `a := 777`
		else if p.peek() == .decl_assign || p.peek() == .comma {
			//p.log('var decl')
			p.var_decl()
		}
		// `_ = 777`
		else if p.lit == '_' && p.peek() == .assign {
			p.gen_blank_identifier_assign()
		}
		else {
			// panic and exit count as returns since they stop the function
			if p.lit == 'panic' || p.lit == 'exit' {
				p.returns = true
			}
			// `a + 3`, `a(7)`, or just `a`
			q = p.bool_expression()
		}
	case Token.key_goto:
		p.check(.key_goto)
		p.fgen(' ')
		label := p.check_name()
		p.genln('goto $label;')
		return ''
	case Token.key_defer:
		p.defer_st()
		return ''
	case Token.hash:
		p.chash()
		return ''
	case Token.dollar:
		p.comp_time()
	case Token.key_if:
		p.if_st(false, 0)
	case Token.key_for:
		p.for_st()
	case Token.key_switch:
		p.switch_statement()
	case Token.key_match:
		p.match_statement(false)
	case Token.key_mut, Token.key_static:
		p.var_decl()
	case Token.key_return:
		p.return_st()
	case Token.lcbr:// {} block
		p.check(.lcbr)
		p.genln('{')
		p.statements()
		return ''
	case Token.key_continue:
		if p.for_expr_cnt == 0 {
			p.error('`continue` statement outside `for`')
		}
		p.genln('continue')
		p.check(.key_continue)
	case Token.key_break:
		if p.for_expr_cnt == 0 {
			p.error('`break` statement outside `for`')
		}
		p.genln('break')
		p.check(.key_break)
	case Token.key_go:
		p.go_statement()
	case Token.key_assert:
		p.assert_statement()
	default:
		// An expression as a statement
		typ := p.expression()
		if p.inside_if_expr {
		}
		else {
			p.genln('; ')
		}
		return typ
	}
	// ? : uses , as statement separators
	if p.inside_if_expr && p.tok != .rcbr {
		p.gen(', ')
	}
	if add_semi && !p.inside_if_expr {
		p.genln(';')
	}
	return q
	// p.cgen.end_statement()
}

// is_map: are we in map assignment? (m[key] = val) if yes, dont generate '='
// this can be `user = ...`  or `user.field = ...`, in both cases `v` is `user`
fn (p mut Parser) assign_statement(v Var, ph int, is_map bool) {
	errtok := p.cur_tok_index()
	//p.log('assign_statement() name=$v.name tok=')
	is_vid := p.fileis('vid') // TODO remove
	tok := p.tok
	//if !v.is_mut && !v.is_arg && !p.pref.translated && !v.is_global{
	if !v.is_mut && !p.pref.translated && !v.is_global && !is_vid {
		if v.is_arg {
			if p.cur_fn.args.len > 0 && p.cur_fn.args[0].name == v.name {
				println('make the receiver `$v.name` mutable:
fn ($v.name mut $v.typ) $p.cur_fn.name (...) {
')
			}
		}
		p.error('`$v.name` is immutable')
	}
	if !v.is_changed {
		p.mark_var_changed(v)
	}
	is_str := v.typ == 'string'
	is_ustr := v.typ == 'ustring'
	switch tok {
	case Token.assign:
		if !is_map && !p.is_empty_c_struct_init {
			p.gen(' = ')
		}
	case Token.plus_assign:
		if is_str && !p.is_js {
			p.gen('= string_add($v.name, ')// TODO can't do `foo.bar += '!'`
		}
		else if is_ustr {
			p.gen('= ustring_add($v.name, ')
		}
		else {
			p.gen(' += ')
		}
	default: p.gen(' ' + p.tok.str() + ' ')
	}
	p.fspace()
	p.fgen(tok.str())
	p.fspace()
	p.next()
	pos := p.cgen.cur_line.len
	expr_type := p.bool_expression()
	//if p.expected_type.starts_with('array_') {
		//p.warn('expecting array got $expr_type')
	//}	
	// Allow `num = 4` where `num` is an `?int`
	if p.assigned_type.starts_with('Option_') &&
		expr_type == p.assigned_type.right('Option_'.len) {
		expr := p.cgen.cur_line.right(pos)
		left := p.cgen.cur_line.left(pos)
		typ := expr_type.replace('Option_', '')
		p.cgen.resetln(left + 'opt_ok($expr, sizeof($typ))')
	}
	else if !p.builtin_mod && !p.check_types_no_throw(expr_type, p.assigned_type) {
		p.error_with_token_index( 'cannot use type `$expr_type` as type `$p.assigned_type` in assignment', errtok)
	}
	if (is_str || is_ustr) && tok == .plus_assign && !p.is_js {
		p.gen(')')
	}
	// p.assigned_var = ''
	p.assigned_type = ''
	if !v.is_used {
		p.mark_var_used(v)
	}
}

fn (p mut Parser) var_decl() {
	p.is_alloc = false
	is_mut := p.tok == .key_mut || p.prev_tok == .key_for
	is_static := p.tok == .key_static
	if p.tok == .key_mut {
		p.check(.key_mut)
		p.fspace()
	}
	if p.tok == .key_static {
		p.check(.key_static)
		p.fspace()
	}
	
	mut names := []string
	mut vtoken_idxs := []int
	
	vtoken_idxs << p.cur_tok_index()
	names << p.check_name()
	p.scanner.validate_var_name(names[0])
	for p.tok == .comma {
		p.check(.comma)
		vtoken_idxs << p.cur_tok_index()
		names << p.check_name()
	}
	mr_var_name := if names.len > 1 { '__ret_'+names.join('_') } else { names[0] }
	p.check_space(.decl_assign) // :=
	// t := p.bool_expression()
	p.var_decl_name = mr_var_name
	t := p.gen_var_decl(mr_var_name, is_static)
	mut types := [t]
	// multiple returns
	if names.len > 1 {
		// should we register __ret var?
		types = t.replace('_V_MulRet_', '').replace('_PTR_', '*').split('_V_')
	}
	for i, name in names {
		var_token_idx := vtoken_idxs[i]
		if name == '_' {
			if names.len == 1 {
				p.error_with_token_index('no new variables on left side of `:=`', var_token_idx)
			}
			continue
		}
		typ := types[i]
		// println('var decl tok=${p.strtok()} ismut=$is_mut')
		// name := p.check_name()
		// p.var_decl_name = name
		// Don't allow declaring a variable with the same name. Even in a child scope
		// (shadowing is not allowed)
		if !p.builtin_mod && p.known_var(name) {
			// v := p.cur_fn.find_var(name)
			p.error_with_token_index('redefinition of `$name`', var_token_idx)
		}
		if name.len > 1 && contains_capital(name) {
			p.error_with_token_index('variable names cannot contain uppercase letters, use snake_case instead', var_token_idx)
		}
		if names.len > 1 {
			if names.len != types.len {
				mr_fn := p.cgen.cur_line.find_between('=', '(').trim_space()
				p.error_with_token_index('assignment mismatch: ${names.len} variables but `$mr_fn` returns $types.len values', var_token_idx)
			}
			p.gen(';\n')
			p.gen('$typ $name = ${mr_var_name}.var_$i')
		}
		// p.check_space(.decl_assign) // :=
		// typ := p.gen_var_decl(name, is_static)
		p.register_var(Var {
			name: name
			typ: typ
			is_mut: is_mut
			is_alloc: p.is_alloc || typ.starts_with('array_')
			line_nr: p.tokens[ var_token_idx ].line_nr
			token_idx: var_token_idx
		})
		//if p.fileis('str.v') {
			//if p.is_alloc { println('REG VAR IS ALLOC $name') }
		//}
	}
	p.var_decl_name = ''
	p.is_empty_c_struct_init = false
}

const (
	and_or_error = 'use `()` to make the boolean expression clear\n' +
'for example: `(a && b) || c` instead of `a && b || c`'
)

fn (p mut Parser) bool_expression() string {
	tok := p.tok
	typ := p.bterm()
	mut got_and := false // to catch `a && b || c` in one expression without ()
	mut got_or := false
	for p.tok == .and || p.tok == .logical_or {
		if p.tok == .and {
			got_and = true
			if got_or { p.error(and_or_error) }
		}
		if p.tok == .logical_or {
			got_or = true
			if got_and { p.error(and_or_error) }
		}
		if p.is_sql {
			if p.tok == .and {
				p.gen(' and ')
			}
			else if p.tok == .logical_or {
				p.gen(' or ')
			}
		} else {
			p.gen(' ${p.tok.str()} ')
		}
		p.check_space(p.tok)
		p.check_types(p.bterm(), typ)
	}
	if typ == '' {
		println('curline:')
		println(p.cgen.cur_line)
		println(tok.str())
		p.error('expr() returns empty type')
	}
	return typ
}

fn (p mut Parser) bterm() string {
	ph := p.cgen.add_placeholder()
	mut typ := p.expression()
	p.expected_type = typ
	is_str := typ=='string'  &&   !p.is_sql
	is_ustr := typ=='ustring'
	is_float := typ=='f64' || typ=='f32'
	expr_type := typ

	tok := p.tok
	// if tok in [ .eq, .gt, .lt, .le, .ge, .ne] {
	if tok == .eq || tok == .gt || tok == .lt || tok == .le || tok == .ge || tok == .ne {
		p.fgen(' ${p.tok.str()} ')
		if (is_float || is_str || is_ustr) && !p.is_js {
			p.gen(',')
		}
		else if p.is_sql && tok == .eq {
			p.gen('=')
		}
		else {
			p.gen(tok.str())
		}
		p.next()
		// `id == user.id` => `id == $1`, `user.id`
		if p.is_sql {
			p.sql_i++
			p.gen('$' + p.sql_i.str())
			p.cgen.start_cut()
			p.check_types(p.expression(), typ)
			sql_param := p.cgen.cut()
			p.sql_params << sql_param
			p.sql_types  << typ
			//println('*** sql type: $typ | param: $sql_param')
		}  else {
			p.check_types(p.expression(), typ)
		}
		typ = 'bool'
		if is_str && !p.is_js { //&& !p.is_sql {
			p.gen(')')
			switch tok {
			case Token.eq: p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'string_eq(')
			case Token.ne: p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'string_ne(')
			case Token.le: p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'string_le(')
			case Token.ge: p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'string_ge(')
			case Token.gt: p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'string_gt(')
			case Token.lt: p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'string_lt(')
			}
/*
			 Token.eq => p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'string_eq(')
			 Token.ne => p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'string_ne(')
			 Token.le => p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'string_le(')
			 Token.ge => p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'string_ge(')
			 Token.gt => p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'string_gt(')
			 Token.lt => p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'string_lt(')
*/
		}
		if is_ustr {
			p.gen(')')
			switch tok {
			case Token.eq: p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'ustring_eq(')
			case Token.ne: p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'ustring_ne(')
			case Token.le: p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'ustring_le(')
			case Token.ge: p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'ustring_ge(')
			case Token.gt: p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'ustring_gt(')
			case Token.lt: p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'ustring_lt(')
			}
		}
		if is_float {
			p.gen(')')
			switch tok {
			case Token.eq: p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, '${expr_type}_eq(')
			case Token.ne: p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, '${expr_type}_ne(')
			case Token.le: p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, '${expr_type}_le(')
			case Token.ge: p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, '${expr_type}_ge(')
			case Token.gt: p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, '${expr_type}_gt(')
			case Token.lt: p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, '${expr_type}_lt(')
			}
		}
	}
	return typ
}

// also called on *, &, @, . (enum)
fn (p mut Parser) name_expr() string {
	p.has_immutable_field = false
	p.is_const_literal = false
	ph := p.cgen.add_placeholder()
	// amp
	ptr := p.tok == .amp
	deref := p.tok == .mul
	if ptr || deref {
		p.next()
	}
	mut name := p.lit
	p.fgen(name)
	// known_type := p.table.known_type(name)
	orig_name := name
	is_c := name == 'C' && p.peek() == .dot
	mut is_c_struct_init := is_c && ptr// a := &C.mycstruct{}
	if is_c {
		p.next()
		p.check(.dot)
		name = p.lit
		p.fgen(name)
		// Currently struct init is set to true only we have `&C.Foo{}`, handle `C.Foo{}`:
		if !is_c_struct_init && p.peek() == .lcbr {
			is_c_struct_init = true
		}
	}
	// enum value? (`color == .green`)
	if p.tok == .dot {
		//println('got enum dot val $p.left_type pass=$p.pass $p.scanner.line_nr left=$p.left_type')
		T := p.find_type(p.expected_type)
		if T.cat == .enum_ {
			p.check(.dot)
			val := p.check_name()
			// Make sure this enum value exists
			if !T.has_enum_val(val) {
				p.error('enum `$T.name` does not have value `$val`')
			}
			p.gen(T.mod + '__' + p.expected_type + '_' + val)
		}
		return p.expected_type
	}
	// Variable, checked before modules, so module shadowing is allowed.
	// (`gg = gg.newcontext(); gg.draw_rect(...)`)
	for { // TODO remove
	mut v := p.find_var_check_new_var(name) or { break }
	if name == '_' {
		p.error('cannot use `_` as value')
	}
	if ptr {
		p.gen('&')
	}
	else if deref {
		p.gen('*')
	}
	if p.pref.autofree && v.typ == 'string' && v.is_arg &&
		p.assigned_type == 'string' {
		p.warn('setting moved ' + v.typ)
		p.mark_arg_moved(v)
	}	
	mut typ := p.var_expr(v)
	// *var
	if deref {
		if !typ.contains('*') && !typ.ends_with('ptr') {
			println('name="$name", t=$v.typ')
			p.error('dereferencing requires a pointer, but got `$typ`')
		}
		typ = typ.replace('ptr', '')// TODO
		typ = typ.replace('*', '')// TODO
	}
	// &var
	else if ptr {
		typ += '*'
	}
	if p.inside_return_expr {
		//println('marking $v.name returned')
		p.mark_var_returned(v)
		// v.is_returned = true // TODO modifying a local variable
		// that's not used afterwards, this should be a compilation
		// error
	}	
	return typ
	} // TODO REMOVE for{}
	// Module?
	if p.peek() == .dot && ((name == p.mod && p.table.known_mod(name)) ||
		p.import_table.known_alias(name))	&& !is_c {
		mut mod := name
		// must be aliased module
		if name != p.mod && p.import_table.known_alias(name) {
			p.import_table.register_used_import(name)
			// we replaced "." with "_dot_" in p.mod for C variable names,
			// do same here.
			mod = p.import_table.resolve_alias(name).replace('.', '_dot_')
		}
		p.next()
		p.check(.dot)
		name = p.lit
		p.fgen(name)
		name = prepend_mod(mod, name)
	}
	// Unknown name, try prepending the module name to it
	// TODO perf
	else if !p.table.known_type(name) &&
		!p.table.known_fn(name) && !p.table.known_const(name) && !is_c
	{
		name = p.prepend_mod(name)
	}
	
	// Variable, checked before modules, so module shadowing is allowed.
	// (`gg = gg.newcontext(); gg.draw_rect(...)`)
	for { // TODO remove
	mut v := p.find_var_check_new_var(name) or { break }
	if name == '_' {
		p.error('cannot use `_` as value')
	}
	if ptr {
		p.gen('&')
	}
	else if deref {
		p.gen('*')
	}
	if p.pref.autofree && v.typ == 'string' && v.is_arg &&
		p.assigned_type == 'string' {
		p.warn('setting moved ' + v.typ)
		p.mark_arg_moved(v)
	}	
	mut typ := p.var_expr(v)
	// *var
	if deref {
		if !typ.contains('*') && !typ.ends_with('ptr') {
			println('name="$name", t=$v.typ')
			p.error('dereferencing requires a pointer, but got `$typ`')
		}
		typ = typ.replace('ptr', '')// TODO
		typ = typ.replace('*', '')// TODO
	}
	// &var
	else if ptr {
		typ += '*'
	}
	if p.inside_return_expr {
		//println('marking $v.name returned')
		p.mark_var_returned(v)
		// v.is_returned = true // TODO modifying a local variable
		// that's not used afterwards, this should be a compilation
		// error
	}	
	return typ
	} // TODO REMOVE for{}
	
	// if known_type || is_c_struct_init || (p.first_pass() && p.peek() == .lcbr) {
	// known type? int(4.5) or Color.green (enum)
	if p.table.known_type(name) {
		// float(5), byte(0), (*int)(ptr) etc
		if !is_c && ( p.peek() == .lpar || (deref && p.peek() == .rpar) ) {
			if deref {
				name += '*'
			}
			else if ptr {
				name += '*'
			}
			p.gen('(')
			mut typ := name
			p.cast(name)
			p.gen(')')
			for p.tok == .dot {
				typ = p.dot(typ, ph)
			}
			return typ
		}
		// Color.green
		else if p.peek() == .dot {
			enum_type := p.table.find_type(name)
			if enum_type.cat != .enum_ {
				p.error('`$name` is not an enum')
			}
			p.next()
			p.check(.dot)
			val := p.lit
			// println('enum val $val')
			p.gen(enum_type.mod + '__' + enum_type.name + '_' + val)// `color = main__Color_green`
			p.next()
			return enum_type.name
		}
		// struct initialization
		else if p.peek() == .lcbr {
			if ptr {
					name += '*'  // `&User{}` => type `User*`
			}
			if name == 'T' {
				name = p.cur_gen_type
			}
			p.is_c_struct_init = is_c_struct_init
			return p.struct_init(name)
		}
	}
	if is_c {
		// C const (`C.GLFW_KEY_LEFT`)
		if p.peek() != .lpar {
			p.gen(name)
			p.next()
			return 'int'
		}
		// C function
		f := Fn {
			name: name
			is_c: true
		}
		p.is_c_fn_call = true
		p.fn_call(f, 0, '', '')
		p.is_c_fn_call = false
		// Try looking it up. Maybe its defined with "C.fn_name() fn_type",
		// then we know what type it returns
		cfn := p.table.find_fn(name) or {
			// Not Found? Return 'void*'
			//return 'cvoid' //'void*'
			if false {
			p.warn('\ndefine imported C function with ' +
				'`fn C.$name([args]) [return_type]`\n')
			}
			return 'void*'
		}
		return cfn.typ
	}
	// Constant
	for {
		c := p.table.find_const(name) or { break }
		if ptr && !c.is_global {
			p.error('cannot take the address of constant `$c.name`')
		} else if ptr && c.is_global {
			// c.ptr = true
			p.gen('& /*const*/ ')
		}
		mut typ := p.var_expr(c)
		if ptr {
			typ += '*'
		}
		return typ
	}
	// Function (not method btw, methods are handled in dot())
	mut f := p.table.find_fn(name) or {
		// We are in the second pass, that means this function was not defined, throw an error.
		if !p.first_pass() {
			// V script? Try os module.
			// TODO
			if p.v_script {
				//name = name.replace('main__', 'os__')
				//f = p.table.find_fn(name)
			}
			// check for misspelled function / variable / module
			suggested := p.identify_typo(name, p.import_table)
			if suggested != '' {
				p.error('undefined: `$name`. did you mean:$suggested')
			}
			// If orig_name is a mod, then printing undefined: `mod` tells us nothing
			// if p.table.known_mod(orig_name) {
			if p.table.known_mod(orig_name) || p.import_table.known_alias(orig_name) {
				name = name.replace('__', '.').replace('_dot_', '.')
				p.error('undefined: `$name`')
			}
			else {
				p.error('undefined: `$orig_name`')
			}
		} else {
			p.next()
			// First pass, the function can be defined later.
			return 'void'
		}
		return 'void'
	}
	// no () after func, so func is an argument, just gen its name
	// TODO verify this and handle errors
	peek := p.peek()
	if peek != .lpar && peek != .lt {
		// Register anon fn type
		fn_typ := Type {
			name: f.typ_str()// 'fn (int, int) string'
			mod: p.mod
			func: f
		}
		p.table.register_type2(fn_typ)
		p.gen(p.table.fn_gen_name(f))
		p.next()
		return f.typ_str() //'void*'
	}
	// TODO bring back
	if f.typ == 'void' && !p.inside_if_expr {
		// p.error('`$f.name` used as value')
	}
	//p.log('calling function')
	p.fn_call(f, 0, '', '')
	// dot after a function call: `get_user().age`
	if p.tok == .dot {
		mut typ := ''
		for p.tok == .dot {
			// println('dot #$dc')
			typ = p.dot(f.typ, ph)
		}
		return typ
	}
	//p.log('end of name_expr')
	
	if f.typ.ends_with('*') {
		p.is_alloc = true
	}	
	return f.typ
}

fn (p mut Parser) var_expr(v Var) string {
	//p.log('\nvar_expr() v.name="$v.name" v.typ="$v.typ"')
	// println('var expr is_tmp=$p.cgen.is_tmp\n')
	if !v.is_const {
		p.mark_var_used(v)
	}
	fn_ph := p.cgen.add_placeholder()
	p.expr_var = v
	p.gen(p.table.var_cgen_name(v.name))
	p.next()
	mut typ := v.typ
	// Function pointer?

	//println('CALLING FN PTR')
	//p.print_tok()
	if typ.starts_with('fn ') && p.tok == .lpar {
		T := p.table.find_type(typ)
		p.gen('(')
		p.fn_call_args(mut T.func)
		p.gen(')')
		typ = T.func.typ
	}
	// users[0].name
	if p.tok == .lsbr {
		typ = p.index_expr(typ, fn_ph)
	}
	// a.b.c().d chain
	// mut dc := 0
	for p.tok ==.dot {
		if p.peek() == .key_select {
			p.next()
			return p.select_query(fn_ph)
		}
		if typ == 'pg__DB' && !p.fileis('pg.v') && p.peek() == .name {
			p.next()
			p.insert_query(fn_ph)
			return 'void'
		}
		// println('dot #$dc')
		typ = p.dot(typ, fn_ph)
		//p.log('typ after dot=$typ')
		// print('tok after dot()')
		// p.print_tok()
		// dc++
		if p.tok == .lsbr {
			// typ = p.index_expr(typ, fn_ph, v)
		}
	}
	// a++ and a--
	if p.tok == .inc || p.tok == .dec {
		if !v.is_mut && !v.is_arg && !p.pref.translated {
			p.error('`$v.name` is immutable')
		}
		if !v.is_changed {
			p.mark_var_changed(v)
		}
		if typ != 'int' {
			if !p.pref.translated && !is_number_type(typ) {
				p.error('cannot ++/-- value of type `$typ`')
			}
		}
		p.gen(p.tok.str())
		p.fgen(p.tok.str())
		p.next()// ++/--
		// allow `a := c++` in translated code
		if p.pref.translated {
			//return p.index_expr(typ, fn_ph)
		}
		else {
			return 'void'
		}
	}
	typ = p.index_expr(typ, fn_ph)
	// TODO hack to allow `foo.bar[0] = 2`
	if p.tok == .dot {
		for p.tok == .dot {
			typ = p.dot(typ, fn_ph)
		}
		typ = p.index_expr(typ, fn_ph)
	}
	return typ
}

// for debugging only
fn (p &Parser) fileis(s string) bool {
	return p.scanner.file_path.contains(s)
}

// user.name => `str_typ` is `User`
// user.company.name => `str_typ` is `Company`
fn (p mut Parser) dot(str_typ_ string, method_ph int) string {
	//if p.fileis('orm_test') {
		//println('ORM dot $str_typ')
	//}
	mut str_typ := str_typ_
	p.check(.dot)
	is_variadic_arg := str_typ.starts_with('...')
	if is_variadic_arg { str_typ = str_typ.right(3) }
	mut typ := p.find_type(str_typ)
	if typ.name.len == 0 {
		p.error('dot(): cannot find type `$str_typ`')
	}
	if p.tok == .dollar {
		p.comptime_method_call(typ)
		return 'void'
	}
	field_name := p.lit
	p.fgen(field_name)
	//p.log('dot() field_name=$field_name typ=$str_typ')
	//if p.fileis('main.v') {
		//println('dot() field_name=$field_name typ=$str_typ prev_tok=${prev_tok.str()}')
	//}
	has_field := p.table.type_has_field(typ, p.table.var_cgen_name(field_name))
	mut has_method := p.table.type_has_method(typ, field_name)
	if is_variadic_arg && field_name == 'len' {
		p.gen('->$field_name')
		p.next()
		return 'int'
	}
	// generate `.str()`
	if !has_method && field_name == 'str' && typ.name.starts_with('array_') {
		p.gen_array_str(typ)
		has_method = true
	}
	if !typ.is_c && !p.is_c_fn_call && !has_field && !has_method && !p.first_pass() {
		if typ.name.starts_with('Option_') {
			opt_type := typ.name.right(7)
			p.error('unhandled option type: `?$opt_type`')
		}
		//println('error in dot():')
		//println('fields:')
		//for field in typ.fields {
			//println(field.name)
		//}
		//println('methods:')
		//for field in typ.methods {
			//println(field.name)
		//}
		//println('str_typ=="$str_typ"')
		p.error('type `$typ.name` has no field or method `$field_name`')
	}
	mut dot := '.'
	if str_typ.ends_with('*') || str_typ == 'FT_Face' { // TODO fix C ptr typedefs
		dot = dot_ptr
	}
	// field
	if has_field {
		struct_field := if typ.name != 'Option' { p.table.var_cgen_name(field_name) } else { field_name }
		field := p.table.find_field(typ, struct_field) or {
			p.error('missing field: $struct_field in type $typ.name')
			exit(1)
		}
		if !field.is_mut && !p.has_immutable_field {
			p.has_immutable_field = true
			p.first_immutable_field = field
		}
		// Is the next token `=`, `+=` etc?  (Are we modifying the field?)
		next := p.peek()
		modifying := next.is_assign() || next == .inc || next == .dec ||
			(field.typ.starts_with('array_') && next == .left_shift)
		is_vi := p.fileis('vid')
		if !p.builtin_mod && !p.pref.translated && modifying && !is_vi
			&& p.has_immutable_field {
			f := p.first_immutable_field
			p.error('cannot modify immutable field `$f.name` (type `$f.parent_fn`)\n' +
					'declare the field with `mut:`
struct $f.parent_fn {
  mut:
	$f.name $f.typ
}
')
		}
		if !p.builtin_mod && p.mod != typ.mod {
		}
		// Don't allow `arr.data`
		if field.access_mod == .private && !p.builtin_mod && !p.pref.translated && p.mod != typ.mod {
			// println('$typ.name :: $field.name ')
			// println(field.access_mod)
			p.error('cannot refer to unexported field `$struct_field` (type `$typ.name`)')
		}
		p.gen(dot + struct_field)
		p.next()
		return field.typ
	}
	// method
	method := p.table.find_method(typ, field_name) or {
		p.error('could not find method `$field_name`') // should never happen
		exit(1)
	}
	p.fn_call(method, method_ph, '', str_typ)
	// Methods returning `array` should return `array_string`
	if method.typ == 'array' && typ.name.starts_with('array_') {
		return typ.name
	}
	// Array methods returning `voidptr` (like `last()`) should return element type
	if method.typ == 'void*' && typ.name.starts_with('array_') {
		return typ.name.right(6)
	}
	//if false && p.tok == .lsbr {
		// if is_indexer {
		//return p.index_expr(method.typ, method_ph)
	//}
	if method.typ.ends_with('*') {
		p.is_alloc = true
	}	
	return method.typ
}

enum IndexType {
	noindex
	str
	map
	array
	array0
	fixed_array
	ptr
}

fn get_index_type(typ string) IndexType {
	if typ.starts_with('map_') { return IndexType.map }
	if typ == 'string' { return IndexType.str }
	if typ.starts_with('array_')	|| typ == 'array' { return IndexType.array }
	if typ == 'byte*' || typ == 'byteptr' || typ.contains('*') {
		return IndexType.ptr
	}
	if typ[0] == `[` { return IndexType.fixed_array }
	return IndexType.noindex
}

fn (p mut Parser) index_expr(typ_ string, fn_ph int) string {
	mut typ := typ_
	// a[0]
	v := p.expr_var
	//if p.fileis('fn_test.v') {
		//println('index expr typ=$typ')
		//println(v.name)
	//}
	is_variadic_arg := typ.starts_with('...')
	is_map := typ.starts_with('map_')
	is_str := typ == 'string'
	is_arr0 := typ.starts_with('array_')
	is_arr := is_arr0 || typ == 'array'
	is_ptr := typ == 'byte*' || typ == 'byteptr' || typ.contains('*')
	is_indexer := p.tok == .lsbr
	mut close_bracket := false
	index_error_tok_pos := p.token_idx
	if is_indexer {
		is_fixed_arr := typ[0] == `[`
		if !is_str && !is_arr && !is_map && !is_ptr && !is_fixed_arr && !is_variadic_arg {
			p.error('Cant [] non-array/string/map. Got type "$typ"')
		}
		p.check(.lsbr)
		// Get element type (set `typ` to it)
		if is_str {
			typ = 'byte'
			p.fgen('[')
			// Direct faster access to .str[i] in builtin modules
			if p.builtin_mod {
				p.gen('.str[')
				close_bracket = true
			}
			else {
				// Bounds check everywhere else
				p.gen(',')
			}
		}
		if is_fixed_arr {
			// `[10]int` => `int`, `[10][3]int` => `[3]int`
			if typ.contains('][') {
				pos := typ.index_after('[', 1)
				typ = typ.right(pos)
			}
			else {
				typ = typ.all_after(']')
			}
			p.gen('[')
			close_bracket = true
		}
		else if is_ptr  && !is_variadic_arg {
			// typ = 'byte'
			typ = typ.replace('*', '')
			// modify(mut []string) fix
			if !is_arr {
				p.gen('[/*ptr*/')
				close_bracket = true
			}
		}
		if is_arr {
			if is_arr0 {
				typ = typ.right(6)
			   }
			p.gen_array_at(typ, is_arr0, fn_ph)
		}
		// map is tricky
		// need to replace "m[key] = val" with "tmp = val; map_set(&m, key, &tmp)"
		// need to replace "m[key]"       with "tmp = val; map_get(&m, key, &tmp)"
		// can only do that later once we know whether there's an "=" or not
		if is_map {
			typ = typ.replace('map_', '')
			if typ == 'map' {
				typ = 'void*'
			}
			p.gen(',')
		}
		// expression inside [ ]
		if is_arr {
			index_pos := p.cgen.cur_line.len
			T := p.table.find_type(p.expression())
			// Allows only i8-64 and byte-64 to be used when accessing an array
			if T.parent != 'int' && T.parent != 'u32' {
				p.check_types(T.name, 'int')
			}
			if p.cgen.cur_line.right(index_pos).replace(' ', '').int() < 0 {
				p.error('cannot access negative array index')
			}
		}
		else {
			T := p.table.find_type(p.expression())
			// TODO: Get the key type of the map instead of only string.
			if is_map && T.parent != 'string' {
				p.check_types(T.name, 'string')
			}
		}
		p.check(.rsbr)
		// if (is_str && p.builtin_mod) || is_ptr || is_fixed_arr && ! (is_ptr && is_arr) {
		if close_bracket {
			p.gen(']/*r$typ $v.is_mut*/')
		}
		p.expr_var = v
	}
	// accessing variadiac args
	if is_variadic_arg {
		// TODO: why was this here?
		// if p.calling_c {
		// 	p.error('you cannot currently pass varg to a C function.')
		// }
		if is_indexer {
			l := p.cgen.cur_line.trim_space()
			index_val := l.right(l.last_index(' ')).trim_space()
			p.cgen.resetln(l.left(fn_ph))
			p.table.varg_access << VargAccess{
				fn_name: p.cur_fn.name,
				tok_idx: index_error_tok_pos,
				index: index_val.int()
			}
			p.cgen.set_placeholder(fn_ph, '${v.name}->args[$index_val]')
			return typ
		}
	}
	// TODO move this from index_expr()
	// TODO if p.tok in ...
	if (p.tok == .assign && !p.is_sql) || p.tok.is_assign() {
		if is_indexer && is_str && !p.builtin_mod {
			p.error('strings are immutable')
		}
		p.assigned_type = typ
		p.expected_type = typ
		assign_pos := p.cgen.cur_line.len
		is_cao := p.tok != .assign
		p.assign_statement(v, fn_ph, is_indexer && (is_map || is_arr))
		// `m[key] = val`
		if is_indexer && (is_map || is_arr) {
			p.gen_array_set(typ, is_ptr, is_map, fn_ph, assign_pos, is_cao)
		}
		return typ
	}
	// else if p.pref.is_verbose && p.assigned_var != '' {
	// p.error('didnt assign')
	// }
	// m[key]. no =, just a getter
	else if (is_map || is_arr || (is_str && !p.builtin_mod)) && is_indexer {
		p.index_get(typ, fn_ph, IndexCfg{
			is_arr: is_arr
			is_map: is_map
			is_ptr: is_ptr
			is_str: is_str
		})
	}
	// else if is_arr && is_indexer{}
	return typ
}

struct IndexCfg {
	is_map bool
	is_str bool
	is_ptr bool
	is_arr bool
	is_arr0 bool
	
}

// in and dot have higher priority than `!`
fn (p mut Parser) indot_expr() string {
	ph := p.cgen.add_placeholder()
	mut typ := p.term()
	if p.tok == .dot  {
		for p.tok == .dot {
			typ = p.dot(typ, ph)
		}
	}
	// `a in [1, 2, 3]`
	// `key in map`
	if p.tok == .key_in {
		p.fgen(' ')
		p.check(.key_in)
		p.fgen(' ')
		p.gen('), ')
		arr_typ := p.expression()
		is_map := arr_typ.starts_with('map_')
		if !arr_typ.starts_with('array_') && !is_map {
			p.error('`in` requires an array/map')
		}
		T := p.table.find_type(arr_typ)
		if !is_map && !T.has_method('contains') {
			p.error('$arr_typ has no method `contains`')
		}
		// `typ` is element's type
		if is_map {
			p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, '_IN_MAP( (')
		}
		else {
			p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, '_IN($typ, (')
		}
		p.gen(')')
		return 'bool'
	}
	return typ
}

// returns resulting type
fn (p mut Parser) expression() string {
	p.is_const_literal = true
	//if p.scanner.file_path.contains('test_test') {
		//println('expression() pass=$p.pass tok=')
		//p.print_tok()
	//}
	ph := p.cgen.add_placeholder()
	mut typ := p.indot_expr()
	is_str := typ=='string'
	is_ustr := typ=='ustring'
	// `a << b` ==> `array_push(&a, b)`
	if p.tok == .left_shift {
		if typ.contains('array_') {
			// Can't pass integer literal, because push requires a void*
			// a << 7 => int tmp = 7; array_push(&a, &tmp);
			// _PUSH(&a, expression(), tmp, string)
			tmp := p.get_tmp()
			tmp_typ := typ.right(6)// skip "array_"
			p.check_space(.left_shift)
			// Get the value we are pushing
			p.gen(', (')
			// Immutable? Can we push?
			if !p.expr_var.is_mut && !p.pref.translated {
				p.error('`$p.expr_var.name` is immutable (can\'t <<)')
			}
			if p.expr_var.is_arg && p.expr_var.typ.starts_with('array_') {
				p.error("for now it's not possible to append an element to "+
					'a mutable array argument `$p.expr_var.name`')
			}	
			if !p.expr_var.is_changed {
				p.mark_var_changed(p.expr_var)
			}
			p.gen('/*typ = $typ   tmp_typ=$tmp_typ*/')
			ph_clone := p.cgen.add_placeholder()
			expr_type := p.expression()
			// Need to clone the string when appending it to an array?
			if p.pref.autofree && typ == 'array_string' && expr_type == 'string' {
				p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph_clone, 'string_clone(')
				p.gen(')')
			}	
			p.gen_array_push(ph, typ, expr_type, tmp, tmp_typ)
			return 'void'
		}
		else {
			p.next()
			p.gen(' << ')
			p.check_types(p.expression(), typ)
			return 'int'
		}
	}
	if p.tok == .righ_shift {
		p.next()
		p.gen(' >> ')
		p.check_types(p.expression(), typ)
		return 'int'
	}
	// + - | ^
	for p.tok == .plus || p.tok == .minus || p.tok == .pipe || p.tok == .amp ||
		 p.tok == .xor {
		// for p.tok in [.plus, .minus, .pipe, .amp, .xor] {
		tok_op := p.tok
		if typ == 'bool' {
			p.error('operator ${p.tok.str()} not defined on bool ')
		}	
		is_num := typ == 'void*' || typ == 'byte*' || is_number_type(typ)
		p.check_space(p.tok)
		if is_str && tok_op == .plus && !p.is_js {
			p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'string_add(')
			p.gen(',')
		}
		else if is_ustr && tok_op == .plus {
			p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, 'ustring_add(')
			p.gen(',')
		}
		// 3 + 4
		else if is_num || p.is_js {
			if typ == 'void*' {
				// Msvc errors on void* pointer arithmatic
				// ... So cast to byte* and then do the add
				p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, '(byte*)')
			}
			p.gen(tok_op.str())
		}
		// Vec + Vec
		else {
			if p.pref.translated {
				p.gen(tok_op.str() + ' /*doom hack*/')// TODO hack to fix DOOM's angle_t
			}
			else {
				p.gen(',')
			}
		}
		p.check_types(p.term(), typ)
		if (is_str || is_ustr) && tok_op == .plus && !p.is_js {
			p.gen(')')
		}
		// Make sure operators are used with correct types
		if !p.pref.translated && !is_str && !is_ustr && !is_num {
			T := p.table.find_type(typ)
			if tok_op == .plus {
				if T.has_method('+') {
					p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, typ + '_plus(')
					p.gen(')')
				}
				else {
					p.error('operator + not defined on `$typ`')
				}
			}
			else if tok_op == .minus {
				if T.has_method('-') {
					p.cgen.set_placeholder(ph, '${typ}_minus(')
					p.gen(')')
				}
				else {
					p.error('operator - not defined on `$typ`')
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return typ
}

fn (p mut Parser) term() string {
	line_nr := p.scanner.line_nr
	//if p.fileis('fn_test') {
		//println('\nterm() $line_nr')
	//}
	typ := p.unary()
	//if p.fileis('fn_test') {
		//println('2: $line_nr')
	//}
	// `*` on a newline? Can't be multiplication, only dereference
	if p.tok == .mul && line_nr != p.scanner.line_nr {
		return typ
	}
	for p.tok == .mul || p.tok == .div || p.tok == .mod {
		tok := p.tok
		is_div := tok == .div
		is_mod := tok == .mod
		// is_mul := tok == .mod
		p.next()
		p.gen(tok.str())// + ' /*op2*/ ')
		p.fgen(' ' + tok.str() + ' ')
		if (is_div || is_mod) && p.tok == .number && p.lit == '0' {
			p.error('division or modulo by zero')
		}
		if is_mod && (is_float_type(typ) || !is_number_type(typ)) {
			p.error('operator .mod requires integer types')
		}
		p.check_types(p.unary(), typ)
	}
	return typ
}

fn (p mut Parser) unary() string {
	mut typ := ''
	tok := p.tok
	switch tok {
	case Token.not:
		p.gen('!')
		p.check(.not)
		// typ should be bool type
		typ = p.indot_expr()
		if typ != 'bool' {
			p.error('operator ! requires bool type, not `$typ`')
		}

	case Token.bit_not:
		p.gen('~')
		p.check(.bit_not)
		typ = p.bool_expression()
	default:
		typ = p.factor()
	}
	return typ
}

fn (p mut Parser) factor() string {
	mut typ := ''
	tok := p.tok
	switch tok {
	case .key_none:
		if !p.expected_type.starts_with('Option_') {
			p.error('need "$p.expected_type" got none')
		}	
		p.gen('opt_none()')
		p.check(.key_none)
		return p.expected_type
	case Token.number:
		typ = 'int'
		// Check if float (`1.0`, `1e+3`) but not if is hexa
		if (p.lit.contains('.') || (p.lit.contains('e') || p.lit.contains('E'))) &&
			!(p.lit[0] == `0` && (p.lit[1] == `x` || p.lit[1] == `X`)) {
			typ = 'f32'
			// typ = 'f64' // TODO
		} else {
			v_u64 := p.lit.u64()
			if u64(u32(v_u64)) < v_u64 {
				typ = 'u64'
			}
		}
		if p.expected_type != '' && !is_valid_int_const(p.lit, p.expected_type) {
			p.error('constant `$p.lit` overflows `$p.expected_type`')
		}
		p.gen(p.lit)
		p.fgen(p.lit)
	case Token.minus:
		p.gen('-')
		p.fgen('-')
		p.next()
		return p.factor()
		// Variable
	case Token.key_sizeof:
		p.gen('sizeof(')
		p.fgen('sizeof(')
		p.next()
		p.check(.lpar)
		mut sizeof_typ := p.get_type()
		p.check(.rpar)
		p.gen('$sizeof_typ)')
		p.fgen('$sizeof_typ)')
		return 'int'
	case Token.amp, Token.dot, Token.mul:
		// (dot is for enum vals: `.green`)
		return p.name_expr()
	case Token.name:
		// map[string]int
		if p.lit == 'map' && p.peek() == .lsbr {
			return p.map_init()
		}
		if p.lit == 'json' && p.peek() == .dot {
			if !('json' in p.table.imports) {
				p.error('undefined: `json`, use `import json`')
			}
			p.import_table.register_used_import('json')
			return p.js_decode()
		}
		//if p.fileis('orm_test') {
			//println('ORM name: $p.lit')
		//}
		typ = p.name_expr()
		return typ
	case Token.key_default:
		p.next()
		p.next()
		name := p.check_name()
		if name != 'T' {
			p.error('default needs T')
		}
		p.gen('default(T)')
		p.next()
		return 'T'
	case Token.lpar:
		//p.gen('(/*lpar*/')
		p.gen('(')
		p.check(.lpar)
		typ = p.bool_expression()
		// Hack. If this `)` referes to a ptr cast `(*int__)__`, it was already checked
		// TODO: fix parser so that it doesn't think it's a par expression when it sees `(` in
		// __(__*int)(
		if !p.ptr_cast {
			p.check(.rpar)
		}
		p.ptr_cast = false
		p.gen(')')
		return typ
	case Token.chartoken:
		p.char_expr()
		typ = 'byte'
		return typ
	case Token.str:
		p.string_expr()
		typ = 'string'
		return typ
	case Token.key_false:
		typ = 'bool'
		p.gen('0')
		p.fgen('false')
	case Token.key_true:
		typ = 'bool'
		p.gen('1')
		p.fgen('true')
	case Token.lsbr:
		// `[1,2,3]` or `[]` or `[20]byte`
		// TODO have to return because arrayInit does next()
		// everything should do next()
		return p.array_init()
	case Token.lcbr:
		// `m := { 'one': 1 }`
		if p.peek() == .str {
			return p.map_init()
		}
		// { user | name :'new name' }
		return p.assoc()
	case Token.key_if:
		typ = p.if_st(true, 0)
		return typ
	case Token.key_match:
		typ = p.match_statement(true)
		return typ
	default:
		if p.pref.is_verbose || p.pref.is_debug {
			next := p.peek()
			println('prev=${p.prev_tok.str()}')
			println('next=${next.str()}')
		}
		p.error('unexpected token: `${p.tok.str()}`')
	}
	p.next()// TODO everything should next()
	return typ
}

// { user | name: 'new name' }
fn (p mut Parser) assoc() string {
	// println('assoc()')
	p.next()
	name := p.check_name()
	var := p.find_var(name) or {
		p.error('unknown variable `$name`')
		exit(1)
	}	
	p.check(.pipe)
	p.gen('($var.typ){')
	mut fields := []string// track the fields user is setting, the rest will be copied from the old object
	for p.tok != .rcbr {
		field := p.check_name()
		fields << field
		p.gen('.$field = ')
		p.check(.colon)
		p.bool_expression()
		p.gen(',')
		if p.tok != .rcbr {
			p.check(.comma)
		}
	}
	// Copy the rest of the fields
	T := p.table.find_type(var.typ)
	for ffield in T.fields {
		f := ffield.name
		if f in fields {
			continue
		}
		p.gen('.$f = $name . $f,')
	}
	p.check(.rcbr)
	p.gen('}')
	return var.typ
}

fn (p mut Parser) char_expr() {
	p.gen('\'$p.lit\'')
	p.next()
}


fn format_str(_str string) string {
	mut str := _str.replace('"', '\\"')
	$if windows {
		str = str.replace('\r\n', '\\n')
	}
	str = str.replace('\n', '\\n')
	return str
}

fn (p mut Parser) string_expr() {
	str := p.lit
	// No ${}, just return a simple string
	if p.peek() != .dollar {
		p.fgen('\'$str\'')
		f := format_str(str)
		// `C.puts('hi')` => `puts("hi");`
		/*
		Calling a C function sometimes requires a call to a string method
		C.fun('ssss'.to_wide()) =>  fun(string_to_wide(tos2((byte*)('ssss'))))
		*/
		if (p.calling_c && p.peek() != .dot) || (p.pref.translated && p.mod == 'main') {
			p.gen('"$f"')
		}
		else if p.is_sql {
			p.gen('\'$str\'')
		}
		else if p.is_js {
			p.gen('"$f"')
		}
		else {
			p.gen('tos2((byte*)"$f")')
		}
		p.next()
		return
	}
	$if js {
		p.error('js backend does not support string formatting yet')
	}	
	// tmp := p.get_tmp()
	p.is_alloc = true // $ interpolation means there's allocation
	mut args := '"'
	mut format := '"'
	p.fgen('\'')
	mut complex_inter := false  // for vfmt
	for p.tok == .str {
		// Add the string between %d's
		p.fgen(p.lit)
		p.lit = p.lit.replace('%', '%%')
		format += format_str(p.lit)
		p.next()// skip $
		if p.tok != .dollar {
			continue
		}
		// Handle .dollar
		p.check(.dollar)
		// If there's no string after current token, it means we are in
		// a complex expression (`${...}`)
		if p.peek() != .str {
			p.fgen('{')
			complex_inter = true
		}
		// Get bool expr inside a temp var
		p.cgen.start_tmp()
		typ := p.bool_expression()
		mut val := p.cgen.end_tmp()
		val = val.trim_space()
		args += ', $val'
		if typ == 'string' {
			// args += '.str'
			// printf("%.*s", a.len, a.str) syntax
			args += '.len, ${val}.str'
		}
		if typ == 'ustring' {
			args += '.len, ${val}.s.str'
		}
		if typ == 'bool' {
			//args += '.len, ${val}.str'
		}
		// Custom format? ${t.hour:02d}
		custom := p.tok == .colon
		if custom {
			mut cformat := ''
			p.next()
			if p.tok == .dot {
				cformat += '.'
				p.next()
			}
			if p.tok == .minus { // support for left aligned formatting
				cformat += '-'
				p.next()
			}
			cformat += p.lit// 02
			p.next()
			fspec := p.lit // f
			cformat += fspec
			if fspec == 's' {
				//println('custom str F=$cformat | format_specifier: "$fspec" | typ: $typ ')
				if typ != 'string' {
					p.error('only V strings can be formatted with a :${cformat} format, but you have given "${val}", which has type ${typ}')
				}
				args = args.all_before_last('${val}.len, ${val}.str') + '${val}.str'
			}
			format += '%$cformat'
			p.next()
		}
		else {
			f := p.typ_to_fmt(typ, 0)
			if f == '' {
				is_array := typ.starts_with('array_')
				typ2 := p.table.find_type(typ)
				has_str_method := p.table.type_has_method(typ2, 'str')
				if is_array || has_str_method {
					if is_array && !has_str_method {
						p.gen_array_str(typ2)
					}
					args = args.all_before_last(val) + '${typ}_str(${val}).len, ${typ}_str(${val}).str'
					format += '%.*s '
				}
				else {
					p.error('unhandled sprintf format "$typ" ')
				}
			}
			format += f
		}
		//println('interpolation format is: |${format}| args are: |${args}| ')
	}
	if complex_inter {
		p.fgen('}')
	}
	p.fgen('\'')
	// println("hello %d", num) optimization.
	if p.cgen.nogen {
		return
	}
	// println: don't allocate a new string, just print	it.
	$if !windows {
		cur_line := p.cgen.cur_line.trim_space()
		if cur_line == 'println (' && p.tok != .plus {
			p.cgen.resetln(cur_line.replace('println (', 'printf('))
			p.gen('$format\\n$args')
			return
		}
	}
	// '$age'! means the user wants this to be a tmp string (uses global buffer, no allocation,
	// won't be used	again)
	if p.tok == .not {
		p.check(.not)
		p.gen('_STR_TMP($format$args)')
	}
	else {
		// Otherwise do len counting + allocation + sprintf
		p.gen('_STR($format$args)')
	}
}

// m := map[string]int{}
// m := { 'one': 1 }
fn (p mut Parser) map_init() string {
	// m := { 'one': 1, 'two': 2 }
	mut keys_gen := '' // (string[]){tos2("one"), tos2("two")}
	mut vals_gen := '' // (int[]){1, 2}
	mut val_type := ''  // 'int'
	if p.tok == .lcbr {
		p.check(.lcbr)
		mut i := 0
		for {
			key := p.lit
			keys_gen += 'tos2((byte*)"$key"), '
			p.check(.str)
			p.check(.colon)
			p.cgen.start_tmp()
			t := p.bool_expression()
			if i == 0 {
				val_type = t
			}
			i++
			if val_type != t {
				if !p.check_types_no_throw(val_type, t) {
					p.error('bad map element type `$val_type` instead of `$t`')
				}
			}
			val_expr := p.cgen.end_tmp()
			vals_gen += '$val_expr, '
			if p.tok == .rcbr {
				p.check(.rcbr)
				break
			}
			if p.tok == .comma {
				p.check(.comma)
			}
		}
		p.gen('new_map_init($i, sizeof($val_type), ' +
			'(string[$i]){ $keys_gen }, ($val_type [$i]){ $vals_gen } )')
		typ := 'map_$val_type'
		p.register_map(typ)
		return typ
	}
	p.next()
	p.check(.lsbr)
	key_type := p.check_name()
	if key_type != 'string' {
		p.error('only string key maps allowed for now')
	}
	p.check(.rsbr)
	val_type = p.get_type()/// p.check_name()
	//if !p.table.known_type(val_type) {
		//p.error('map init unknown type "$val_type"')
	//}
	typ := 'map_$val_type'
	p.register_map(typ)
	p.gen('new_map(1, sizeof($val_type))')
	if p.tok == .lcbr {
		p.check(.lcbr)
		p.check(.rcbr)
		println('warning: $p.file_name:$p.scanner.line_nr ' +
		 'initializaing maps no longer requires `{}`')
	}
	return typ
}

// `nums := [1, 2, 3]`
fn (p mut Parser) array_init() string {
	p.is_alloc = true
	p.check(.lsbr)
	mut is_integer := p.tok == .number  // for `[10]int`
	// fixed length arrays with a const len: `nums := [N]int`, same as `[10]int` basically
	mut is_const_len := false
	if p.tok == .name && !p.inside_const {
		const_name := p.prepend_mod(p.lit)
		if p.table.known_const(const_name) {
			c := p.table.find_const(const_name) or {
				//p.error('unknown const `$p.lit`')
				exit(1)
			}	
			if c.typ == 'int' && p.peek() == .rsbr { //&& !p.inside_const {
				is_integer = true
				is_const_len = true
			} else {
				p.error('bad fixed size array const `$p.lit`')
			}	
		}
	}
	lit := p.lit
	mut typ := ''
	new_arr_ph := p.cgen.add_placeholder()
	mut i := 0
	pos := p.cgen.cur_line.len// remember cur line to fetch first number in cgen       for [0; 10]
	for p.tok != .rsbr {
		val_typ := p.bool_expression()
		// Get the type of the first expression
		if i == 0 {
			typ = val_typ
			// fixed width array initialization? (`arr := [20]byte`)
			if is_integer && p.tok == .rsbr && p.peek() == .name &&
				p.cur_tok().line_nr == p.peek_token().line_nr {
				// there is no space between `[10]` and `byte`
				if p.cur_tok().col + p.peek_token().lit.len == p.peek_token().col {
					p.check(.rsbr)
					array_elem_typ := p.get_type()
					if !p.table.known_type(array_elem_typ) {
						p.error('bad type `$array_elem_typ`')
					}
					p.cgen.resetln('')
					//p.gen('{0}')
					p.is_alloc = false
					if is_const_len {
						return '[${p.mod}__$lit]$array_elem_typ'
					}
					return '[$lit]$array_elem_typ'
				} else {
					p.check(.rsbr)
					typ = p.get_type()
					p.error('no space allowed between [$lit] and $typ')
				}
			}
		}
		if val_typ != typ {
			if !p.check_types_no_throw(val_typ, typ) {
				p.error('bad array element type `$val_typ` instead of `$typ`')
			}
		}
		if p.tok != .rsbr && p.tok != .semicolon {
			p.gen(', ')
			p.check(.comma)
			p.fspace()
		}
		i++
		// Repeat (a = [0;5] )
		if i == 1 && p.tok == .semicolon {
			p.warn('`[0 ; len]` syntax was removed. Use `[0].repeat(len)` instead')
			p.check_space(.semicolon)
			val := p.cgen.cur_line.right(pos)
			p.cgen.resetln(p.cgen.cur_line.left(pos))
			p.gen('array_repeat_old(& ($typ[]){ $val }, ')
			p.check_types(p.bool_expression(), 'int')
			p.gen(', sizeof($typ) )')
			p.check(.rsbr)
			return 'array_$typ'
		}
	}
	p.check(.rsbr)
	// type after `]`? (e.g. "[]string")
	if p.tok != .name && i == 0 {
		p.error('specify array type: `[]typ` instead of `[]`')
	}
	if p.tok == .name && i == 0 {
		// vals.len == 0 {
		typ = p.get_type()
	}
	// ! after array => no malloc and no copy
	no_alloc := p.tok == .not
	if no_alloc {
		p.next()
	}

	// [1,2,3]!! => [3]int{1,2,3}
	is_fixed_size := p.tok == .not
	if is_fixed_size {
		p.next()
		p.gen(' }')
		if !p.first_pass() {
			// If we are defining a const array, we don't need to specify the type:
			// `a = {1,2,3}`, not `a = (int[]) {1,2,3}`
			if p.inside_const {
				p.cgen.set_placeholder(new_arr_ph, '{')
			}
			else {
				p.cgen.set_placeholder(new_arr_ph, '($typ[]) {')
			}
		}
		return '[$i]$typ'
	}
	// if ptr {
	// typ += '_ptr"
	// }
	p.gen_array_init(typ, no_alloc, new_arr_ph, i)
	typ = 'array_$typ'
	p.register_array(typ)
	return typ
}

fn (p mut Parser) struct_init(typ string) string {
	p.is_struct_init = true
	t := p.table.find_type(typ)
	if p.gen_struct_init(typ, t) { return typ }
	p.scanner.fmt_out.cut(typ.len)
	ptr := typ.contains('*')
	mut did_gen_something := false
	// Loop thru all struct init keys and assign values
	// u := User{age:20, name:'bob'}
	// Remember which fields were set, so that we dont have to zero them later
	mut inited_fields := []string
	peek := p.peek()
	if peek == .colon || p.tok == .rcbr {
		for p.tok != .rcbr {
			field := if typ != 'Option' { p.table.var_cgen_name( p.check_name() ) } else { p.check_name() }
			if !p.first_pass() && !t.has_field(field) {
				p.error('`$t.name` has no field `$field`')
			}
			if field in inited_fields {
				p.error('already initialized field `$field` in `$t.name`')
			}
			f := t.find_field(field) or {
				p.error('no such field: "$field" in type $typ')
				break
			}
			inited_fields << field
			p.gen_struct_field_init(field)
			p.check(.colon)
			p.fspace()
			p.check_types(p.bool_expression(),  f.typ)
			if p.tok == .comma {
				p.next()
			}
			if p.tok != .rcbr {
				p.gen(',')
			}
			p.fgenln('')
			did_gen_something = true
		}
		// If we already set some fields, need to prepend a comma
		if t.fields.len != inited_fields.len && inited_fields.len > 0 {
			p.gen(',')
		}
		// Zero values: init all fields (ints to 0, strings to '' etc)
		for i, field in t.fields {
			sanitized_name := if typ != 'Option' { p.table.var_cgen_name( field.name ) } else { field.name }
			// println('### field.name')
			// Skip if this field has already been assigned to
			if sanitized_name in inited_fields {
				continue
			}
			field_typ := field.typ
			if !p.builtin_mod && field_typ.ends_with('*') && field_typ.contains('Cfg') {
				p.error('pointer field `${typ}.${field.name}` must be initialized')
			}
			// init map fields
			if field_typ.starts_with('map_') {
				p.gen_struct_field_init(sanitized_name)
				p.gen_empty_map(field_typ.right(4))
				inited_fields << sanitized_name
				if i != t.fields.len - 1 {
					p.gen(',')
				}
				did_gen_something = true
				continue
			}
			def_val := type_default(field_typ)
			if def_val != '' && def_val != '{0}' {
				p.gen_struct_field_init(sanitized_name)
				p.gen(def_val)
				if i != t.fields.len - 1 {
					p.gen(',')
				}
				did_gen_something = true
			}
		}
	}
	// Point{3,4} syntax
	else {
		mut T := p.table.find_type(typ)
		// Aliases (TODO Hack, implement proper aliases)
		if T.fields.len == 0 && T.parent != '' {
			T = p.table.find_type(T.parent)
		}
		for i, ffield in T.fields {
			expr_typ := p.bool_expression()
			if !p.check_types_no_throw(expr_typ, ffield.typ) {
				p.error('field value #${i+1} `$ffield.name` has type `$ffield.typ`, got `$expr_typ` ')
			}
			if i < T.fields.len - 1 {
				if p.tok != .comma {
					p.error('too few values in `$typ` literal (${i+1} instead of $T.fields.len)')
				}
				p.gen(',')
				p.next()
			}
		}
		// Allow `user := User{1,2,3,}`
		// The final comma will be removed by vfmt, since we are not calling `p.fgen()`
		if p.tok == .comma {
			p.next()
		}
		if p.tok != .rcbr {
			p.error('too many fields initialized: `$typ` has $T.fields.len field(s)')
		}
		did_gen_something = true
	}
	if !did_gen_something {
		p.gen('EMPTY_STRUCT_INITIALIZATION')
	}
	p.gen('}')
	if ptr && !p.is_js {
		p.gen(', sizeof($t.name))')
	}
	p.check(.rcbr)
	p.is_struct_init = false
	p.is_c_struct_init = false
	return typ
}

// `f32(3)`
// tok is `f32` or `)` if `(*int)(ptr)`

fn (p mut Parser) get_tmp() string {
	p.tmp_cnt++
	return 'tmp$p.tmp_cnt'
}

fn (p mut Parser) get_tmp_counter() int {
	p.tmp_cnt++
	return p.tmp_cnt
}

// returns expression's type, and entire expression's string representation)
fn (p mut Parser) tmp_expr() (string, string) {
		p.cgen.start_tmp()
		typ := p.bool_expression()
		val := p.cgen.end_tmp()
		return typ, val
}

fn (p mut Parser) if_st(is_expr bool, elif_depth int) string {
	if is_expr {
		//if p.fileis('if_expr') {
			//println('IF EXPR')
		//}
		p.inside_if_expr = true
		p.gen('(')
	}
	else {
		p.gen('if (')
		p.fgen('if ')
	}
	p.next()
	// `if a := opt() { }` syntax
	if p.tok == .name && p.peek() == .decl_assign {
		option_tmp := p.get_tmp()
		var_name := p.lit
		p.next()
		p.check(.decl_assign)
		option_type, expr := p.tmp_expr()// := p.bool_expression()
		typ := option_type.right(7)
		// Option_User tmp = get_user(1);
		// if (tmp.ok) {
		//   User user = *(User*)tmp.data;
		//   [statements]
		// }
		p.cgen.insert_before('$option_type $option_tmp = $expr; ')
		p.check(.lcbr)
		p.genln(option_tmp + '.ok) {')
		p.genln('$typ $var_name = *($typ*) $option_tmp . data;')
		p.register_var(Var {
			name: var_name
			typ: typ
			is_mut: false // TODO
			//is_alloc: p.is_alloc || typ.starts_with('array_')
			//line_nr: p.tokens[ var_token_idx ].line_nr
			//token_idx: var_token_idx
		})
		p.statements()
		return 'void'
	}	else {
		p.check_types(p.bool_expression(), 'bool')
	}
	if is_expr {
		p.gen(') ? (')
	}
	else {
		p.genln(') {')
	}
	p.fgen(' ')
	p.check(.lcbr)
	mut typ := ''
	// if { if hack
	if p.tok == .key_if && p.inside_if_expr {
		typ = p.factor()
		p.next()
	}
	else {
		typ = p.statements()
	}
	if_returns := p.returns
	p.returns = false
	// println('IF TYp=$typ')
	if p.tok == .key_else {
		p.fgenln('')
		p.check(.key_else)
		p.fspace()
		if p.tok == .key_if {
			if is_expr {
				p.gen(') : (')
				nested := p.if_st(is_expr, elif_depth + 1)
				nested_returns := p.returns
				p.returns = if_returns && nested_returns
				return nested
			}
			else {
				p.gen(' else ')
				nested := p.if_st(is_expr, 0)
				nested_returns := p.returns
				p.returns = if_returns && nested_returns
				return nested
			}
			// return ''
		}
		if is_expr {
			p.gen(') : (')
		}
		else {
			p.genln(' else { ')
		}
		p.check(.lcbr)
		// statements() returns the type of the last statement
		first_typ := typ
		typ = p.statements()
		p.inside_if_expr = false
		if is_expr {
			p.check_types(first_typ, typ)
			p.gen(strings.repeat(`)`, elif_depth + 1))
		}
		else_returns := p.returns
		p.returns = if_returns && else_returns
		return typ
	}
	p.inside_if_expr = false
	if p.fileis('test_test') {
		println('if ret typ="$typ" line=$p.scanner.line_nr')
	}
	return typ
}

fn (p mut Parser) for_st() {
	p.check(.key_for)
	p.fgen(' ')
	p.for_expr_cnt++
	next_tok := p.peek()
	//debug := p.scanner.file_path.contains('r_draw')
	p.open_scope()
	if p.tok == .lcbr {
		// Infinite loop
		p.gen('while (1) {')
	}
	else if p.tok == .key_mut {
		p.error('`mut` is not required in for loops')
	}
	// for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
	else if next_tok == .decl_assign || next_tok == .assign || p.tok == .semicolon {
		p.genln('for (')
		if next_tok == .decl_assign {
			p.var_decl()
		}
		else if p.tok != .semicolon {
			// allow `for ;; i++ {`
			// Allow `for i = 0; i < ...`
			p.statement(false)
		}
		p.check(.semicolon)
		p.gen(' ; ')
		p.fgen(' ')
		if p.tok != .semicolon {
			p.bool_expression()
		}
		p.check(.semicolon)
		p.gen(' ; ')
		p.fgen(' ')
		if p.tok != .lcbr {
			p.statement(false)
		}
		p.genln(') { ')
	}
	// for i, val in array
	else if p.peek() == .comma {
		/*
		`for i, val in array {`
		==>
		```
		 array_int tmp = array;
		 for (int i = 0; i < tmp.len; i++) {
		 int val = tmp[i];
		```
		*/
		i := p.check_name()
		p.check(.comma)
		val := p.check_name()
		if i == '_' && val == '_' {
			p.error('no new variables on the left side of `in`')
		}
		p.fgen(' ')
		p.check(.key_in)
		p.fgen(' ')
		tmp := p.get_tmp()
		p.cgen.start_tmp()
		mut typ := p.bool_expression()
		is_arr := typ.starts_with('array_')
		is_map := typ.starts_with('map_')
		is_str := typ == 'string'
		is_variadic_arg :=  typ.starts_with('...')
		if is_variadic_arg { typ = typ.right(3) }
		if !is_arr && !is_str && !is_map && !is_variadic_arg {
			p.error('cannot range over type `$typ`')
		}
		expr := p.cgen.end_tmp()
		if !is_variadic_arg {
			if p.is_js {
				p.genln('var $tmp = $expr;')
			} else {
				p.genln('$typ $tmp = $expr;')
			}
		}
		pad := if is_arr { 6 } else  { 4 }
		var_typ := if is_str { 'byte' }
			else if is_variadic_arg { typ }
			else { typ.right(pad) }
		// typ = strings.Replace(typ, "_ptr", "*", -1)
		mut i_var_type := 'int'
		if is_arr {
			p.gen_for_header(i, tmp, var_typ, val)
		}
		else if is_map {
			i_var_type = 'string'
			p.gen_for_map_header(i, tmp, var_typ, val, typ)
		}
		else if is_str {
			i_var_type = 'byte'
			p.gen_for_str_header(i, tmp, var_typ, val)
		}
		else if is_variadic_arg {
			p.gen_for_varg_header(i, expr, typ, val)
		}
		// Register temp vars
		if i != '_' {
			p.register_var(Var {
				name: i
				typ: i_var_type
				is_mut: true
				is_changed: true
			})
		}
		if val != '_' {
			p.register_var(Var {
				name: val
				typ: var_typ
				ptr: typ.contains('*')
			})
		}
	}
	// `for val in vals`
	else if p.peek() == .key_in {
		val := p.check_name()
		p.fgen(' ')
		p.check(.key_in)
		p.fspace()
		tmp := p.get_tmp()
		p.cgen.start_tmp()
		mut typ := p.bool_expression()
		expr := p.cgen.end_tmp()
		is_range := p.tok == .dotdot
		is_variadic_arg :=  typ.starts_with('...')
		if is_variadic_arg { typ = typ.right(3) }
		mut range_end := ''
		if is_range {
			p.check_types(typ, 'int')
			p.check_space(.dotdot)
			p.cgen.start_tmp()
			p.check_types(p.bool_expression(), 'int')
			range_end = p.cgen.end_tmp()
		}
		is_arr := typ.contains('array')
		is_str := typ == 'string'
		if !is_arr && !is_str && !is_range && !is_variadic_arg {
			p.error('cannot range over type `$typ`')
		}
		if !is_variadic_arg {
			if p.is_js {
				p.genln('var $tmp = $expr;')
			} else {
				p.genln('$typ $tmp = $expr;')
			}
		}
		// TODO var_type := if...
		i := p.get_tmp()
		mut var_type := typ
		if is_arr {
			var_type = typ.right(6)// all after `array_`
			p.gen_for_header(i, tmp, var_type, val)
		}
		else if is_str {
			var_type = 'byte'
			p.gen_for_str_header(i, tmp, var_type, val)
		}
		else if is_range {
			var_type = 'int'
			p.gen_for_range_header(i, range_end, tmp, var_type, val)
		} else if is_variadic_arg {
			p.gen_for_varg_header(i, expr, typ, val)
		}
		// println('for typ=$typ vartyp=$var_typ')
		// Register temp var
		if val != '_' {
			p.register_var(Var {
				name: val
				typ: var_type
				ptr: typ.contains('*')
				is_changed: true
			})
		}
	} else {
		// `for a < b {`
		p.gen('while (')
		p.check_types(p.bool_expression(), 'bool')
		p.genln(') {')
	}
	p.fspace()
	p.check(.lcbr)
	p.genln('')
	p.statements()
	p.close_scope()
	p.for_expr_cnt--
	p.returns = false // TODO handle loops that are guaranteed to return
}

fn (p mut Parser) switch_statement() {
	if p.tok == .key_switch {
		p.check(.key_switch)
	} else {
		p.check(.key_match)
	}
	p.cgen.start_tmp()
	typ := p.bool_expression()
	is_str := typ == 'string'
	expr := p.cgen.end_tmp()
	p.check(.lcbr)
	mut i := 0
	mut all_cases_return := true
	for p.tok == .key_case || p.tok == .key_default || p.peek() == .arrow || p.tok == .key_else {
		p.returns = false
		if p.tok == .key_default || p.tok == .key_else {
			p.genln('else  { // default:')
			if p.tok == .key_default {
				p.check(.key_default)
				p.check(.colon)
			}  else {
				p.check(.key_else)
				p.check(.arrow)
			}
			p.statements()
			p.returns = all_cases_return && p.returns
			return
		}
		if i > 0 {
			p.gen('else ')
		}
		p.gen('if (')
		// Multiple checks separated by comma
		mut got_comma := false
		for {
			if got_comma {
				if is_str {
					p.gen(')')
				}	
				p.gen(' || ')
			}
			if typ == 'string' {
				p.gen('string_eq($expr, ')
			}
			else {
				p.gen('$expr == ')
			}
			if p.tok == .key_case || p.tok == .key_default {
				p.check(p.tok)
			}
			p.bool_expression()
			if p.tok != .comma {
				break
			}
			p.check(.comma)
			got_comma = true
		}
		if p.tok == .colon {
			p.check(.colon)
		}
		else {
			p.check(.arrow)
		}
		if is_str {
			p.gen(')')
		}
		p.gen(') {')
		p.genln('/* case */')
		p.statements()
		all_cases_return = all_cases_return && p.returns
		i++
	}
	p.returns = false // only get here when no default, so return is not guaranteed
}

// Returns typ if used as expession
fn (p mut Parser) match_statement(is_expr bool) string {
	p.check(.key_match)
	p.cgen.start_tmp()
	typ := p.bool_expression()
	expr := p.cgen.end_tmp()

	// is it safe to use p.cgen.insert_before ???
	tmp_var := p.get_tmp()
	p.cgen.insert_before('$typ $tmp_var = $expr;')

	p.check(.lcbr)
	mut i := 0
	mut all_cases_return := true

	// stores typ of resulting variable
	mut res_typ := ''

	defer {
		p.check(.rcbr)
	}

	for p.tok != .rcbr {
		if p.tok == .key_else {
			p.check(.key_else)
			p.check(.arrow)

			// unwrap match if there is only else
			if i == 0 {
				if is_expr {
					// statements are dissallowed (if match is expression) so user cant declare variables there and so on

					// allow braces is else
					got_brace := p.tok == .lcbr
					if got_brace {
						p.check(.lcbr)
					}

					p.gen('( ')

					res_typ = p.bool_expression()

					p.gen(' )')

					// allow braces in else
					if got_brace {
						p.check(.rcbr)
					}

					return res_typ
				} else {
					p.returns = false
					p.check(.lcbr)
					
					p.genln('{ ')
					p.statements()
					p.returns = all_cases_return && p.returns
					return ''
				}
			}

			if is_expr {
				// statements are dissallowed (if match is expression) so user cant declare variables there and so on
				p.gen(':(')

				// allow braces is else
				got_brace := p.tok == .lcbr
				if got_brace {
					p.check(.lcbr)
				}

				p.check_types(p.bool_expression(), res_typ)

				// allow braces in else
				if got_brace {
					p.check(.rcbr)
				}
				
				p.gen(strings.repeat(`)`, i+1))

				return res_typ
			} else {
				p.returns = false
				p.genln('else // default:')

				p.check(.lcbr)
				
				p.genln('{ ')
				p.statements()

				p.returns = all_cases_return && p.returns
				return ''
			}
		}

		if i > 0 {
			if is_expr {
				p.gen(': (')
			} else {
				p.gen('else ')
			}
		} else if is_expr {
			p.gen('(')
		}

		if is_expr {
			p.gen('(')
		} else {
			p.gen('if (')
		}
		
		// Multiple checks separated by comma
		mut got_comma := false

		for {
			if got_comma {
				p.gen(') || (')
			}

			if typ == 'string' {
				// TODO: use tmp variable
				// p.gen('string_eq($tmp_var, ')
				p.gen('string_eq($tmp_var, ')
			}
			else {
				// TODO: use tmp variable
				// p.gen('($tmp_var == ')
				p.gen('($tmp_var == ')
			}

			p.expected_type = typ
			p.check_types(p.bool_expression(), typ)
			p.expected_type = ''

			if p.tok != .comma {
				if got_comma {
					p.gen(') ')
				}
				break
			}
			p.check(.comma)
			got_comma = true
		}
		p.gen(') )')
		
		p.check(.arrow)
		
		// statements are dissallowed (if match is expression) so user cant declare variables there and so on	
		if is_expr {
			p.gen('? (')

			// braces are required for now
			p.check(.lcbr)
			
			if i == 0 {
				// on the first iteration we set value of res_typ
				res_typ = p.bool_expression()
			} else {
				// later on we check that the value is of res_typ type
				p.check_types(p.bool_expression(), res_typ)
			}

			// braces are required for now
			p.check(.rcbr)

			p.gen(')')
		}
		else {
			p.returns = false
			p.check(.lcbr)
			
			p.genln('{ ')
			p.statements()

			all_cases_return = all_cases_return && p.returns
			// p.gen(')')
		}
		i++
	}

	if is_expr {
		// we get here if no else found, ternary requires "else" branch
		p.error('Match expession requires "else"')
	}

	p.returns = false // only get here when no default, so return is not guaranteed

	return ''
}

fn (p mut Parser) assert_statement() {
	if p.first_pass() {
		return
	}
	p.check(.key_assert)
	p.fspace()
	tmp := p.get_tmp()
	p.gen('bool $tmp = ')
	p.check_types(p.bool_expression(), 'bool')
	// TODO print "expected:  got" for failed tests
	filename := p.file_path.replace('\\', '\\\\')
	p.genln(';\n
if (!$tmp) {
  println(tos2((byte *)"\\x1B[31mFAILED: $p.cur_fn.name() in $filename:$p.scanner.line_nr\\x1B[0m"));
g_test_ok = 0 ;
	// TODO
	// Maybe print all vars in a test function if it fails?
}
else {
  //puts("\\x1B[32mPASSED: $p.cur_fn.name()\\x1B[0m");
}')
}

fn (p mut Parser) return_st() {
	p.check(.key_return)
	p.fgen(' ')
	fn_returns := p.cur_fn.typ != 'void'
	if fn_returns {
		if p.tok == .rcbr {
			p.error('`$p.cur_fn.name` needs to return `$p.cur_fn.typ`')
		}
		else {
			ph := p.cgen.add_placeholder()
			p.inside_return_expr = true
			is_none := p.tok == .key_none
			p.expected_type = p.cur_fn.typ
			mut expr_type := p.bool_expression()
			mut types := []string
			mut mr_values := [p.cgen.cur_line.right(ph).trim_space()]
			types << expr_type
			for p.tok == .comma {
				p.check(.comma)
				p.cgen.start_tmp()
				types << p.bool_expression()
				mr_values << p.cgen.end_tmp().trim_space()
			}
			mut cur_fn_typ_chk := p.cur_fn.typ
			// multiple returns
			if types.len > 1 {
				expr_type = types.join(',')
				cur_fn_typ_chk = cur_fn_typ_chk.replace('_V_MulRet_', '').replace('_PTR_', '*').replace('_V_', ',')
				mut ret_fields := ''
				for ret_val_idx, ret_val in mr_values {
					if ret_val_idx > 0 {
						ret_fields += ','
					}
					ret_fields += '.var_$ret_val_idx=${ret_val}'
				}
				p.cgen.resetln('($p.cur_fn.typ){$ret_fields}')
			}
			p.inside_return_expr = false
			// Automatically wrap an object inside an option if the function
			// returns an option:
			// `return val` => `return opt_ok(val)`
			if p.cur_fn.typ.ends_with(expr_type) && !is_none &&
				p.cur_fn.typ.starts_with('Option_') {
				tmp := p.get_tmp()
				ret := p.cgen.cur_line.right(ph)
				typ := expr_type.replace('Option_', '')
				p.cgen.cur_line = '$expr_type $tmp = OPTION_CAST($typ)($ret);'
				p.cgen.resetln('$expr_type $tmp = OPTION_CAST($expr_type)($ret);')
				p.gen('return opt_ok(&$tmp, sizeof($typ))')
			}
			else {
				ret := p.cgen.cur_line.right(ph)

				// @emily33901: Scoped defer
				// Check all of our defer texts to see if there is one at a higher scope level
				// The one for our current scope would be the last so any before that need to be
				// added.

				mut total_text := ''

				for text in p.cur_fn.defer_text {
					if text != '' {
						// In reverse order
						total_text = text + total_text
					}
				}

				if total_text == '' || expr_type == 'void*' {
					if expr_type == '${p.cur_fn.typ}*' {
						p.cgen.resetln('return *$ret')
					} else {
						p.cgen.resetln('return $ret')
					}
				}  else {
					tmp := p.get_tmp()
					p.cgen.resetln('$expr_type $tmp = $ret;\n')
					p.genln(total_text)
					p.genln('return $tmp;')
				}
			}
			p.check_types(expr_type, cur_fn_typ_chk)
		}
	}
	else {
		// Don't allow `return val` in functions that don't return anything
		if !p.is_vweb && (p.tok == .name || p.tok == .number || p.tok == .str) {
			p.error_with_token_index('function `$p.cur_fn.name` should not return a value', p.cur_fn.fn_name_token_idx)
		}

		if p.cur_fn.name == 'main' {
			p.gen('return 0')
		}
		else {
			p.gen('return')
		}
	}
	p.returns = true
}

fn prepend_mod(mod, name string) string {
	return '${mod}__${name}'
}

fn (p &Parser) prepend_mod(name string) string {
	return prepend_mod(p.mod, name)
}

fn (p mut Parser) go_statement() {
	p.check(.key_go)
	mut gotoken_idx := p.cur_tok_index()
	// TODO copypasta of name_expr() ?
	if p.peek() == .dot {
		// Method
		var_name := p.lit
		v := p.find_var(var_name) or {
			return
		}
		p.mark_var_used(v)
		gotoken_idx = p.cur_tok_index()
		p.next()
		p.check(.dot)
		typ := p.table.find_type(v.typ)
		method := p.table.find_method(typ, p.lit) or {
			p.error_with_token_index('go method missing $var_name', gotoken_idx)
			return
		}
		p.async_fn_call(method, 0, var_name, v.typ)
	}
	else {
		f_name := p.lit
		// Normal function
		f := p.table.find_fn(p.prepend_mod(f_name)) or {
			println( p.table.debug_fns() )
			p.error_with_token_index('can not find function $f_name', gotoken_idx)
			return
		}
		if f.name == 'println' || f.name == 'print' {
			p.error_with_token_index('`go` cannot be used with `println`', gotoken_idx)
		}
		p.async_fn_call(f, 0, '', '')
	}
}

/*
fn (p mut Parser) register_var(v Var) {
	if v.line_nr == 0 {
		spos := p.scanner.get_scanner_pos()
		p.register_var({ v | scanner_pos: spos, line_nr: spos.line_nr })
	} else {
		p.register_var(v)
	}
}
*/

// user:=jsdecode(User, user_json_string)
fn (p mut Parser) js_decode() string {
	p.check(.name)// json
	p.check(.dot)
	op := p.check_name()
	op_token_idx := p.cur_tok_index()	
	if op == 'decode' {
		// User tmp2; tmp2.foo = 0; tmp2.bar = 0;// I forgot to zero vals before => huge bug
		// Option_User tmp3 =  jsdecode_User(json_parse( s), &tmp2); ;
		// if (!tmp3 .ok) {
		// return
		// }
		// User u = *(User*) tmp3 . data;  // TODO remove this (generated in or {} block handler)
		p.check(.lpar)
		typ := p.get_type()
		p.check(.comma)
		p.cgen.start_tmp()
		p.check_types(p.bool_expression(), 'string')
		expr := p.cgen.end_tmp()
		p.check(.rpar)
		tmp := p.get_tmp()
		cjson_tmp := p.get_tmp()
		mut decl := '$typ $tmp; '
		// Init the struct
		T := p.table.find_type(typ)
		for field in T.fields {
			def_val := type_default(field.typ)
			if def_val != '' {
				decl += '$tmp . $field.name = OPTION_CAST($field.typ) $def_val;\n'
			}
		}
		p.gen_json_for_type(T)
		decl += 'cJSON* $cjson_tmp = json__json_parse($expr);'
		p.cgen.insert_before(decl)
		// p.gen('jsdecode_$typ(json_parse($expr), &$tmp);')
		p.gen('json__jsdecode_$typ($cjson_tmp, &$tmp); cJSON_Delete($cjson_tmp);')
		opt_type := 'Option_$typ'
		p.cgen.typedefs << 'typedef Option $opt_type;'
		p.table.register_type(opt_type)
		return opt_type
	}
	else if op == 'encode' {
		p.check(.lpar)
		p.cgen.start_tmp()
		typ := p.bool_expression()
		T := p.table.find_type(typ)
		p.gen_json_for_type(T)
		expr := p.cgen.end_tmp()
		p.check(.rpar)
		p.gen('json__json_print(json__jsencode_$typ($expr))')
		return 'string'
	}
	else {
		p.error_with_token_index('bad json op "$op"', op_token_idx)
	}
	return ''
}

fn (p mut Parser) attribute() {
	p.check(.lsbr)
	p.attr = p.check_name()
	attr_token_idx := p.cur_tok_index()
	if p.tok == .colon {
		p.check(.colon)
		p.attr = p.attr + ':' + p.check_name()
	}	
	p.check(.rsbr)
	if p.tok == .func || (p.tok == .key_pub && p.peek() == .func) {
		p.fn_decl()
		p.attr = ''
		return
	}
	else if p.tok == .key_struct {
		p.struct_decl()
		p.attr = ''
		return
	}
	p.error_with_token_index('bad attribute usage', attr_token_idx)
}

fn (p mut Parser) defer_st() {
	p.check(.key_defer)
	p.check(.lcbr)

	pos := p.cgen.lines.len

	// Save everything inside the defer block to `defer_text`.
	// It will be inserted before every `return`

	// Emily: TODO: all variables that are used in this defer statement need to be evaluated when the block
	// is defined otherwise they could change over the course of the function
	// (make temps out of them)

	p.genln('{')
	p.statements()
	p.cur_fn.defer_text.last() = p.cgen.lines.right(pos).join('\n') + p.cur_fn.defer_text.last()

	// Rollback p.cgen.lines
	p.cgen.lines = p.cgen.lines.left(pos)
	p.cgen.resetln('')
}

fn (p mut Parser) check_and_register_used_imported_type(typ_name string) {
	us_idx := typ_name.index('__')
	if us_idx != -1 {
		arg_mod := typ_name.left(us_idx)
		if p.import_table.known_alias(arg_mod) {
			p.import_table.register_used_import(arg_mod)
		}
	}
}

fn (p mut Parser) check_unused_imports() {
	// Don't run in the generated V file with `.str()`
	if p.id == 'vgen' {
		return
	}
	mut output := ''
	for alias, mod in p.import_table.imports {
		if !p.import_table.is_used_import(alias) {
			mod_alias := if alias == mod { alias } else { '$alias ($mod)' }
			output += '\n * $mod_alias'
		}
	}
	if output == '' { return }
	 // the imports are usually at the start of the file
	p.production_error_with_token_index( 'the following imports were never used: $output', 0 )
}